Autonomous prefecture

Autonomous prefectures (Template:Lang-zh) are one type of autonomous administrative division in China, existing at the prefectural level, with either ethnic minorities forming over 50% of the population or being, most commonly, the historic home of significant minorities. The official name of an autonomous prefecture includes the most significant minority in that region, sometimes two, rarely three. For example, a prefecture with a large number of Kazakhs (Kazak in official naming system) may be called a Kazak Autonomous Prefecture. Like all other prefectural level divisions, autonomous prefectures are divided into county level divisions. There is one exception: Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture contains two prefectures of its own. Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, autonomous prefectures cannot be abolished.

Autonomous administrative divisions

File:Autonomous rule divisions in China.png

Map of all minority regions under autonomous rule designated by the Central Government

  Autonomous Region

  Autonomous Prefecture

  Autonomous County

  Autonomous Banner

  Ethnic district

File:中国各自治地区及其指定的少数民族 China's Autonomous Regions and its Designated Ethnic Minority.png

China's Autonomous Regions and its Designated Ethnic Minority

The PRC's autonomous administrative divisions may be found in the first (or top) to third levels of its national administrative divisions thus:

Level	Type	Chinese	Pinyin	Number as of June 2005
Province (1)	Autonomous regions		Template:Transliteration	5
Prefecture (2)	Autonomous prefectures		Template:Transliteration	30
County (3)	Autonomous counties		Template:Transliteration	117
	Autonomous banners		Template:Transliteration	3

List of autonomous prefectures

Province	Name	Simplified Chinese and Pinyin	Designated minority	Local name	Capital
Gansu	Linxia	Template:Transliteration	Hui	(The Hui speak Chinese) Xiao'erjing: Template:Script/Arabic	Linxia city
Gansu	Gannan	Template:Transliteration	Tibetan	Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Kan-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)	Hezuo (Hzö) city
Guizhou	Qiandongnan	Template:Transliteration	Miao and Dong	Hmu: Qeef Dongb Naif Dol Yat Hmub Zid Zid Zeb Dong: Qeenc Dongs Nanc Nyenc Miiul Nyenc Gaeml Zil Zl Zous	Kaili (Kad Linx) city
Guizhou	Qiannan	Template:Transliteration	Bouyei and Miao	Bouyei: Qianfnanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz ziqziqzouy Hmu: Qeef Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb	Duyun city
Guizhou	Qianxinan	Template:Transliteration	Bouyei and Miao	Bouyei: Qianfxiynanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz Ziqziqzouy Hmu: Qeef Xib Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb	Xingyi city
Hubei	Enshi	Template:Transliteration	Tujia and Miao	Tujia: Eng Shiv Bif Ziv Kar hev Bef Kar zouf xengv zuvз Hmong: Ee Si Thws Ca Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb	Enshi city
Hunan	Xiangxi	Template:Transliteration	Tujia and Miao	Tujia: Xiз’angv Xif Bif Ziv Kar hev Bef Kar zouf xengv zuvз Hmong: Xyaa Xyi Thws Ca Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb	Jishou city
Jilin	Yanbian	Template:Transliteration	Korean	Korean: Template:Category handler (Yeonbyeon Joseonjok Jachiju)	Yanji (Yeongil) city
Qinghai	Haibei	Template:Transliteration	Tibetan	Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Mtsho-byang Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)	Haiyan County
Qinghai	Hainan	Template:Transliteration	Tibetan	Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Mtsho-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)	Gonghe County
Qinghai	Huangnan	Template:Transliteration	Tibetan	Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Rma-lho Bod-rigs rang skyong khul)	Tongren city
Qinghai	Golog	Template:Transliteration	Tibetan	Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Mgo-log Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)	Maqên County
Qinghai	Yushu	Template:Transliteration	Tibetan	Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Yul-shul Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)	Yushu city
Qinghai	Haixi	Template:Transliteration	Mongolian & Tibetan	Mongolian: Template:Mongolunicode (Borotal a-yin mongγol ebereen öbertegen zasaqu ǰuu) Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Mtsho-nub Sog-rigs dang Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)	Delingha (Delhi) city
Sichuan	Ngawa	Template:Transliteration	Tibetan & Qiang	Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Rnga-ba Bod-rigs dang Chavang-rigs rang skyong khul) Qiangic: Ggabba Shbea Rrmea nyujugvez zhou	Barkam city
Sichuan	Garzê	Template:Transliteration	Tibetan	Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Dkar-mdzes Bod-rigs rang-skyong khul)	Kangding (Dartsedo) city
Sichuan	Liangshan	Template:Transliteration	Yi	Template:Langx (Niepsha Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho)	Xichang (Op Rro) city
Xinjiang	Kizilsu	Template:Transliteration	Kyrgyz	Kyrgyz: Template:Script/Arabic (Kızılsuu Kırgız avtonom oblastı)	Artux city
Xinjiang	Bortala	Template:Transliteration	Mongolian	Mongolian: Template:MongolUnicode (Borotala mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu)	Bole (Bortala) city
Xinjiang	Changji	Template:Transliteration	Hui	(The Hui speak Chinese) Xiao'erjing: Template:Script/Arabic	Changji city
Xinjiang	Bayingolin	Template:Transliteration	Mongolian	Mongolian: Template:MongolUnicode (Bayangol mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu)	Korla city
Xinjiang	Ili (Altay) (Tacheng)	Template:Transliteration () (Template:Transliteration) () (Template:Transliteration)	Kazakh	Kazakh: (İle Qazaq awtonomïyalıq oblısı) (Kazakh: ) (Altay aymağı) (Kazakh: ) (Tarbağatay aymağı)	Yining (Ghulja) city (Altay city) (Tacheng city)
Yunnan	Dehong	Template:Transliteration	Dai and Jingpo	Tai Nüa - (Sakhkung Sam Jinghpo Amyu Madu Uphkang Mungdo) Zaiwa:	Mangshi city
Yunnan	Nujiang	Template:Transliteration	Lisu	Lisu: ꓠꓳ-ꓟꓵ ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓚꓲꓸ ꓛꓬꓽ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓝꓳꓴ (Nolmut lisu shit jilqait guatshit zhou)	Lushui city
Yunnan	Dêqên (Diqing)	Template:Transliteration	Tibetan	Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly (Bde-chen Bod-rigs rang-skyong khul)	Shangri-La city
Yunnan	Dali	Template:Transliteration	Bai	Bai: Darl•lit Baif•cuf zirl•zirl•zox	Dali city
Yunnan	Chuxiong	Template:Transliteration	Yi	Template:Langx (Olu Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho)	Chuxiong city
Yunnan	Honghe	Template:Transliteration	Hani and Yi	Hani: Haoqhoq Haqniqssaq Haqhholssaq Ziiqziifzel Template:Langx (Hopho Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho)	Mengzi city
Yunnan	Wenshan	Template:Transliteration	Zhuang and Miao	Template:Langx Hmong: Veej Sa Tsuaam Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb	Wenshan city
Yunnan	Xishuangbanna (Sibsongbanna)	Template:Transliteration	Dai	Template:Langx	Jinghong city

Ethnic composition of autonomous prefectures

Note: * - denotes as the second titular ethnic group

Autonomous prefecture	Year established	Province	Titular ethnic group			Other minorities			Han %		Total population
				% 2000	% 2010		% 2000	% 2010	2000	2010
Bayingolin Prefecture	1954	Xinjiang	Mongolian	3.40	3.40	Uyghur	31.83	31.83	59.29	59.29	1,323,028
Bortala Prefecture	1954	Xinjiang	Mongolian	5.64	5.66	Uyghur	12.53	13.32	67.19	64.96	482,615
Changji Prefecture	1954	Xinjiang	Hui	11.55	9.52	Kazakh	7.98	9.33	75.14	75.31	1,412,844
Chuxiong Prefecture	1958	Yunnan	Yi	26.31	26.70	Lisu	2.03	1.98	67.45	66.94	2,615,109
Dali Prefecture	1956	Yunnan	Bai	32.80	32.19	Yi	12.94	13.02	50.35	50.69	3,525,706
Dehong Prefecture	1953	Yunnan	Dai	30.14	28.88	Jingpo*	11.53	11.09	50.66	51.93	1,124,432
Dêqên (Diqing) Prefecture	1957	Yunnan	Tibetan	33.12	32.36	Lisu	27.78	26.72	16.39	18.34	357,528
Enshi Prefecture	1983	Hubei	Tujia	45.00	47.50	Miao*	5.45	5.01	47.24	45.32	3,976,081
Gannan Prefecture	1953	Gansu	Tibetan	51.44	54.64	Hui	6.43	6.25	41.75	38.70	723,521
Garzê Prefecture	1950	Sichuan	Tibetan	78.37	78.29	Yi	2.56	2.66	18.24	18.24	1,060,632
Golog Prefecture	1954	Qinghai	Tibetan	91.63	91.86	Hui	1.11	0.96	6.59	6.57	173,541
Haibei Prefecture	1953	Qinghai	Tibetan	24.15	24.36	Hui	30.58	31.52	36.63	35.88	283,230
Hainan Prefecture	1953	Qinghai	Tibetan	62.77	66.31	Hui	6.97	6.84	28.06	24.84	446,849
Haixi Prefecture	1954	Qinghai	Mongol	7.23	5.53	Tibetan*	12.16	10.93	64.95	66.01	390,743
Honghe Prefecture	1957	Yunnan	Hani	16.60	17.55	Yi*	23.57	23.19	44.31	42.85	4,408,699
Huangnan Prefecture	1953	Qinghai	Tibetan	66.32	68.55	Mongol	13.54	13.98	7.54	6.08	254,033
Ili Prefecture	1954	Xinjiang	Kazakh		21.53	Uyghur		26.88		35.22	2,814,980
Kizilsu Prefecture	1954	Xinjiang	Kyrgyz	28.32	27.32	Uyghur	63.98	64.68	6.41	6.78	539,849
Liangshan Prefecture	1952	Sichuan	Yi	44.43	49.13	Tibetan	1.49	1.39	51.97	47.55	4,789,421
Linxia Prefecture	1956	Gansu	Hui		31.59	Dongxiang		25.99		39.70	2,103,259
Ngawa Prefecture	1953	Sichuan	Tibetan	53.72	54.50	Qiang*	18.28	17.58	24.69	24.56	898,846
Nujiang Prefecture	1954	Yunnan	Lisu	47.13	48.21	Bai	26.97	26.04	13.13	12.35	520,765
Qiandongnan Prefecture	1956	Guizhou	Miao	41.48	41.57	Dong*	31.40	29.02	19.3	21.73	4,535,015
Qiannan Prefecture	1956	Guizhou	Buyei	32.46	31.22	Miao*	13.37	12.69	43.37	44.84	4,037,887
Qianxinan Prefecture	1982	Guizhou	Buyei	30.04	27.56	Miao*	7.51	7.08	57.53	60.62	3,398,147
Wenshan Prefecture	1958	Yunnan	Miao	12.94	13.68	Zhuang*	30.04	29.20	41.99	42.69	3,703,008
Xiangxi Prefecture	1957	Hunan	Tujia		42.73	Miao*		33.85		22.85	2,547,833
Xishuangbanna (Sibsongbanna) Prefecture	1953	Yunnan	Dai	29.89	27.89	Hani	18.73	19.01	29.11	30.03	942,844
Yanbian Prefecture	1952	Jilin	Korean	36.26	32.45	Manchu	2.58	2.52	60.70	64.55	2,190,763
Yushu Prefecture	1951	Qinghai	Tibetan		96.49	Hui		0.22		3.09	373,427

Former autonomous prefectures of China

• Hainan Li and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (1952–1988) in Guangdong, abolished because of the establishment of Hainan Province.
• Hedong Hui Autonomous Prefecture (1954–1955) in Gansu, later changed name as Wuzhong Hui Autonomous Prefecture (1955–1958), abolished because of the establishment of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
• Xihaigu Hui Autonomous Prefecture (1953–1955) in Gansu, later changed name as Guyuan Hui Autonomous Prefecture (1955–1958), abolished because of the establishment of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
• Guixi Zhuang Autonomous Prefecture (sub-provincial level, 1953–1955) in Guangxi Province, abolished because of the establishment of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
• Bayinhot Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (1954–1956) in Gansu, included today's Dengkou County and Alxa League. The autonomy abolished after it merged into Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Administrative prefecture level units with a population of 30% or more of ethnic minorities

Excluding prefecture level units of autonomous regions in 2000.

• Hebei: Chengde (Han - 55.32%, Manchu - 39.87%)
• Liaoning: Benxi (Han - 66.84%, Manchu - 30.22%), Dandong (Han - 64.11%, Manchu - 32.99%)
• Hunan: Zhangjiajie (Tujia - 68.40%, Han - 22.81%), Huaihua (Han - 61.33%, Dong - 17.42%, Miao - 15.63%)
• Guizhou: Anshun (Han - 61.6%, Buyei - 16.92%, Miao - 14.27%), Tongren (Tujia - 37.81%, Han - 31.76%, Miao - 14.87%, Dong - 11.41%)
• Yunnan: Yuxi (Han - 68,18%, Yi - 19,32%), Pu'er (Han - 40,92%, Hani - 16,98%, Yi - 16.58%, Lahu - 11.47%), Lijiang (Han - 42.71%, Nakhi 20.51%, Yi - 18.68%, Lisu - 9.62%), Lincang (Han - 61.22%, Dai - 15.77%, Lahu and Va - 9.76%)
• Qinghai: Haidong (Han - 56.33%, Hui - 20.38%, Tibetan - 9.2%, Tu - 8.06%)

See also

• List of prefecture-level divisions of China
• Tusi Native Chieftain System
• Autonomous regions of China

External links

• Regional Autonomy for Ethnic Minorities in China