Gymnothorax
Template:Short descriptionTemplate:Use dmy dates Template:Automatic taxobox
Gymnothorax is a genus of fish in the family Muraenidae found in Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. With more than 120 species, it the most speciose genus of moray eels.
Template:Harvp notes that Gymnothorax as currently recognized is polyphyletic, but cautioned that comparative studies are needed before action is taken to resurrect generic synonyms of Gymnothorax.[1]
Description
Species in this genus are slender (most skinny one being Gymnothorax gracilicauda [2])and can get up to 6-8 feet.[3] Like all moray eels have pharyngeal jaws.[1]
Species
Both FishBase and World Register of Marine Species recognize a total of 128 valid species in the genus.[4][5] However, each database includes three species that the other does not list, which are noted in the list below.
- Gymnothorax afer Bloch, 1795 (Dark moray)
- Gymnothorax albimarginatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (White-margin moray)
- Gymnothorax andamanensis Mohapatra, Kiruba-Sankar, Praveenraj & Mohanty, 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[6]
- Gymnothorax angusticauda (M. C. W. Weber & de Beaufort, 1916) (Narrow-tail moray)
- Gymnothorax angusticeps (Hildebrand & F. O. Barton, 1949)
- Gymnothorax annasona Whitley, 1937 (Lord Howe Island moray)
- Gymnothorax annulatus D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1997 (Ringed moray)
- Gymnothorax arabicus D. G. Smith, Bogorodsky, Dandar & Zajonz, 2024[7]
- Gymnothorax atolli (Pietschmann, 1935) (Atoll moray)
- Gymnothorax aurocephalus Nashad, Mohapatra, Varghese & Bineesh, 2020 (Goldenhead moray)[8]
- Gymnothorax australicola Lavenberg, 1992 (South Pacific moray)
- Gymnothorax austrinus E. B. Böhlke & McCosker, 2001 (Southern moray)
- Gymnothorax bacalladoi E. B. Böhlke & Brito, 1987 (Canary moray)
- Gymnothorax baranesi D. G. Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder, 2008
- Gymnothorax bathyphilus J. E. Randall & McCosker, 1975 (Deep-dwelling moray)
- Gymnothorax berndti Snyder, 1904 (Y-patterned moray)
- Gymnothorax breedeni McCosker & J. E. Randall, 1977 (Black-cheek moray)
- Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857) (Vagrant moray)
- Gymnothorax castaneus (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1883) (Panamic green moray)
- Gymnothorax castlei E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 1999 (Castle's moray)
- Gymnothorax cephalospilus E. B. Böhlke & McCosker, 2001 (Head-spot moray)
- Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1864 (Lip-spot moray)
- Gymnothorax chlamydatus Snyder, 1908 (Banded mud moray)
- Gymnothorax cinerascens (Rüppell, 1830)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Plain moray)
- Gymnothorax conspersus Poey, 1867 (Saddled moray)
- Gymnothorax cribroris Whitley, 1932 (Sieve-patterned moray)
- Gymnothorax davidsmithi McCosker & J. E. Randall, 2008 (Flores mud moray)
- Gymnothorax dorsalis Seale, 1917
- Gymnothorax dovii (Günther, 1870) (Fine-spotted moray)
- Gymnothorax elaineheemstrae Sithole, Smith, Mwale & Gouws, 2020Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[9]
- Gymnothorax elegans Bliss, 1883 (Elegant moray)
- Gymnothorax emmae Prokofiev, 2010[10]
- Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & J. E. Randall, 1982 (Enigmatic moray)
- Gymnothorax equatorialis (Hildebrand, 1946) (Spot-tail moray)
- Gymnothorax eurostus (C. C. Abbott, 1860) (Abbott's moray)
- Gymnothorax eurygnathos E. B. Böhlke, 2001
- Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801 (Laced moray)
- Gymnothorax fimbriatus (E. T. Bennett, 1832) (Fimbriated moray)
- Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) (Yellow-edged moray)
- Gymnothorax flavoculus (E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 1996) (Pale-nose moray)
- Gymnothorax formosus Bleeker, 1864
- Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1839 (Green moray)
- Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus (L. P. Schultz, 1953) (Brown-spotted moray)
- Gymnothorax gracilicauda O. P. Jenkins, 1903 (Slender-tail moray)
- Gymnothorax griseus (Lacépède, 1803) (Geometric moray)
- Gymnothorax hansi Heemstra, 2004
- Gymnothorax hepaticus (Rüppell, 1830) (Liver-colored moray)
- Gymnothorax herrei Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933 (Herre's moray)
- Gymnothorax hubbsi J. E. Böhlke & E. B. Böhlke, 1977 (Lichen moray)
- Gymnothorax indicus Mohapatra, D. Ray, D. G. Smith & Mishra, 2016 (Indian unpatterened moray)[11]Template:Efn
- Gymnothorax intesi (Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979) (White-tip moray)
- Gymnothorax isingteena (J. Richardson, 1845) (Indo-Pacific spotted moray)
- Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859) (Giant moray)
- Gymnothorax johnsoni (J. L. B. Smith, 1962) (White-spotted moray)
- Gymnothorax kidako (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (Kidako moray)
- Gymnothorax kolpos J. E. Böhlke & E. B. Böhlke, 1980 (Black-tail moray)
- Gymnothorax kontodontos E. B. Böhlke, 2000 (Short-tooth moray)
- Gymnothorax longinquus (Whitley, 1948)
- Gymnothorax maderensis (J. Y. Johnson, 1862) (Shark-tooth moray)
- Gymnothorax mareei Poll, 1953 (Spot-jaw moray)
- Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1864 (Blotch-necked moray)
- Gymnothorax marshallensis (L. P. Schultz, 1953) (Marshall Islands moray)
- Gymnothorax mccoskeri D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1997
- Gymnothorax megaspilus E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 1995 (Oman moray)
- Gymnothorax melanosomatus K. H. Loh, K. T. Shao & H. M. Chen, 2011 (Black-body moray)[12]
- Gymnothorax melatremus L. P. Schultz, 1953 (Dwarf moray)
- Gymnothorax meleagris (G. Shaw, 1795) (Turkey moray)
- Gymnothorax microspila (Günther, 1870)Template:Efn
- Gymnothorax microstictus E. B. Böhlke, 2000 (Small-spot moray)
- Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856) (Golden-tail moray)
- Gymnothorax minor (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
- Gymnothorax mishrai D. Ray, Mohapatra & D. G. Smith, 2015 (Bengal moray)[13]Template:Efn
- Gymnothorax moluccensis (Bleeker, 1864) (Moluccan moray)
- Gymnothorax monochrous (Bleeker, 1856) (Drab moray)
- Gymnothorax monostigma (Regan, 1909) (One-spot moray)
- Gymnothorax mordax (Ayres, 1859) (California moray)
- Gymnothorax moringa (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Spotted moray)
- Gymnothorax mucifer Snyder, 1904
- Gymnothorax nasuta F. de Buen, 1961 (Easter Island moray)
- Gymnothorax neglectus S. Tanaka (I), 1911
- Gymnothorax nigromarginatus (Girard, 1858) (Black-edge moray)
- Gymnothorax niphostigmus H. M. Chen, K. T. Shao & C. T. Chen, 1996 (Snowflake-patched moray)
- Gymnothorax nubilus (J. Richardson, 1848) (Grey moray)
- Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther, 1867) (Yellow-mouth moray)
- Gymnothorax nuttingi Snyder, 1904 (Nutting's moray)
- Gymnothorax obesus (Whitley, 1932) (Griffin's moray)
- Gymnothorax ocellatus Agassiz, 1831 (Caribbean ocellated moray)
- Gymnothorax odishi Mohapatra, Mohanty, Smith, Mishra, and Roy, 2018[14]Template:Efn
- Gymnothorax panamensis (Steindachner, 1876) (Masked moray)
- Gymnothorax parini Collette, D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1991
- Gymnothorax phalarus W. A. Bussing, 1998
- Gymnothorax pharaonis D. G. Smith, S. V. Bogordosky, A. O. Mal, and T. J. Alpermann, 2019 (Pharaoh's moray)
- Gymnothorax phasmatodes (J. L. B. Smith], 1962) (Ghost moray)
- Gymnothorax philippinus D. S. Jordan & Seale, 1907 (Philippines moray)
- Gymnothorax pictus (J. N. Ahl, 1789) (Paint-spotted moray)
- Gymnothorax pikei Bliss, 1883 (Pike's moray)
- Gymnothorax pindae J. L. B. Smith, 1962 (Pinda moray)
- Gymnothorax poikilospilus Chen & Huang, 2022
- Gymnothorax polygonius Poey, 1875 (Polygon moray)
- Gymnothorax polyspondylus E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 2000
- Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker, 1854) (Freshwater moray)
- Gymnothorax porphyreus (Guichenot, 1848) (Low-fin moray)
- Gymnothorax prasinus (J. Richardson, 1848) (Yellow moray)
- Gymnothorax prionodon J. D. Ogilby, 1895 (Australian mottled moray)
- Gymnothorax prismodon E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 2000
- Gymnothorax prolatus K. Sasaki & Amaoka, 1991
- Gymnothorax pseudoherrei E. B. Böhlke, 2000 (False brown moray)
- Gymnothorax pseudokidako Huang, Loh & Liao, 2021
- Gymnothorax pseudomelanosomatus K. H. Loh, K. T. Shao & H. M. Chen, 2015 (False black-body moray)[15]
- Gymnothorax pseudoprolatus D. G. Smith, Y. Hibino, & Hsuan-Ching HoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Short-tail Brown moray)
- Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus (Bleeker, 1853) (High-fin moray)
- Gymnothorax pseudotile Mohapatra, Smith, Ray, Mishra & Mohanty, 2017 (Bengal low-fin moray)
- Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus Bleeker, 1863 (Bars'n-spots moray)
- Gymnothorax punctatus Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801 (Red Sea white-spotted moray)
- Gymnothorax randalli D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1997 (Randall's moray)
- Gymnothorax reevesii (J. Richardson, 1845) (Reeve's moray)
- Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch, 1795
- Gymnothorax richardsonii (Bleeker, 1852) (Richardson's moray)
- Gymnothorax robinsi E. B. Böhlke, 1997 (Robins' moray)
- Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (Banded moray)
- Gymnothorax ryukyuensis Hatooka, 2003
- Gymnothorax sagenodeta (Richardson, 1848)Template:Efn
- Gymnothorax sagmacephalus E. B. Böhlke, 1997
- Gymnothorax saxicola D. S. Jordan & B. M. Davis, 1891 (Ocellated moray)
- Gymnothorax serratidens (Hildebrand & F. O. Barton, 1949)
- Gymnothorax shaoi H. M. Chen & K. H. Loh, 2007
- Gymnothorax sokotrensis Kotthaus, 1968
- Gymnothorax steindachneri D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1903 (Steindachner's moray)
- Gymnothorax taiwanensis H. M. Chen, K. H. Loh & K. T. Shao, 2008 (Taiwanese moray)
- Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis Kodeeswaran, Kantharajan, Mohapatra, Kumar & Sarkar 2023
- Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (J. Richardson, 1845) (Grey-face moray)
- Gymnothorax tile (F. Hamilton, 1822) (Indian mud moray)
- Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacépède, 1803) (Undulated moray)
- Gymnothorax unicolor (Delaroche, 1809) (Brown moray)
- Gymnothorax vagrans (Seale, 1917)
- Gymnothorax verrilli (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1883) (White-edged moray)
- Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855) (Purple-mouth moray)
- Gymnothorax vietnamensis D. G. Smith, Y. Hibino, Hsuan-Ching HoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Vietnamese moray)
- Gymnothorax visakhaensis Mohapatra, Smith, Mohanty, Mishra & Tudu, 2017Template:Efn
- Gymnothorax walvisensis Prokofiev, 2009
- Gymnothorax woodwardi McCulloch, 1912
- Gymnothorax ypsilon Hatooka & J. E. Randall, 1992 (Y-bar moray)
- Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906 (Barred-fin moray)
Notes
References
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- ↑ Prokofiev, A.M. (2010): Two New Species of Fishes from Families Muraenidae (Anguilliformes) and Mugiloididae (Perciformes) from the Waters of Vietnam. Template:Webarchive Journal of Ichthyology, 50 (8): 580-589.
- ↑ Mohapatra, A., Ray, D., Smith, D.G. & Mishra, S.S. (2016): A new species of elongate unpatterned moray eel of the genus Gymnothorax (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4150 (5): 591–598.
- ↑ Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T. & Chen, H.-M. (2011): Gymnothorax melanosomatus, a new moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from southeastern Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3134: 43–52.
- ↑ Ray, D., Mohapatra, A. & Smith, D.G. (2015): A new species of Short Brown Unpatterned Moray Eel of the Genus Gymnothorax (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4027 (1): 140–144.
- ↑ Mohapatra, A., S. R. Mohanty, D. G. Smith, S. S. Mishra and S. Roy 2018. Gymnothorax odishi sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae), a short brown unpatterned moray eel from Bay of Bengal, India. Zootaxa 4420 (no. 1): 123-130.
- ↑ Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T., Ho, H.-C., Lim, P.-E. & Chen, H.-M. (2015): A new species of moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from Taiwan, with comments on related elongate unpatterned species. Zootaxa, 4060 (1): 30-40.