Varying Permeability Model

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Template:Short description The Varying Permeability Model, Variable Permeability Model or VPM is an algorithm that is used to calculate the decompression needed for ambient pressure dive profiles using specified breathing gases. It was developed by D.E. Yount and others for use in professional and recreational diving. It was developed to model laboratory observations of bubble formation and growth in both inanimate and in vivo systems exposed to pressure.[1] In 1986, this model was applied by researchers at the University of Hawaiʻi to calculate diving decompression tables.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Several variations of the algorithm have been used in mobile and desktop dive planning software and om dive computers.

Theoretical basis

The VPM presumes that microscopic bubble nuclei always exist in water and tissues that contain water. Any nuclei larger than a specific "critical" size, which is related to the maximum dive depth (exposure pressure), will grow during decompression when the diver ascends. The VPM aims to minimize the total volume of these growing bubbles by keeping the external pressure sufficiently large and the inspired inert gas partial pressures relatively low during decompression. The model depends on the assumptions that different sizes of bubbles exist within the body, that the larger bubbles require less reduction in pressure to begin to grow than smaller ones, and that fewer large bubbles exist than smaller ones. These assumptions can be used to construct an algorithm that provides decompression schedules, designed to eliminate the larger, growing bubbles before they cause problems.[2][3]

Varying permeability refers to the layer of molecules surrounding the bubbles, which may vary in permeability to gas molecules in the bubble and the surrounding medium, and which affect the diffusion of gases between the surroundings and the bubble, and the variation of compressibility of the bubble under changes of pressure. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Bibliography

This bibliography list was compiled by E.B. Maiken and E.C. Baker as reference material for the V-Planner web site in 2002.[4]

Primary Modeling Sources

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VPM Research and Development Sources

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  • Kunkle, T.D. 1979. Bubble nucleation in supersaturated fluids. Univ. of Hawaii Sea Grant Technical Report UNIHI-SEAGRANT-TR-80-01. Pp. 108.
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  • Yount, D.E. 1979. Multiple inert-gas bubble disease: a review of the theory. In: Lambertsen, C.J. and Bornmann, R.C. eds. Template:Usurped. Undersea Medical Society, Bethesda, 90-125.
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VPM Dive Planning Software

  • V-Planner: VPM-B & VPM-B/E, VPM-B/FBO.[4]
  • MultiDeco: VPM-B & VPM-B/E, VPM-B/FBO, ZHL-B, ZHL-C, GF, and GFS.[5]
  • Ultimate Planner: VPM-B, VPM-B/U, VPM-B (Dec-12), VPM-B/U (Dec-12), ZHL-B, ZHL-C, ZHL-D, GF and GF/U.[6]
  • DecoPlanner: VPM-B.[7]
  • HLPlanner: VPM-B.[8]
  • JDeco: VPM-B.[9]
  • PalmVPM: VPM.[10]
  • DivePlan: VPM.[11]
  • Baltic Deco Planner: VPM-B.[12]
  • Subsurface: VPM-B.[13]

VPM Dive computers

  • V-Planner Live: VPM-B & VPM-B/E.[14]
  • MultiDeco-X1: VPM-B & VPM-B/E, VPM-B/FBO, ZHL-C, GF, and GFS.[15]
  • MultiDeco-DR5: VPM-B & VPM-B/E, VPM-B/FBO, ZHL-C, GF, and GFS.[16]
  • Shearwater Research Predator, Petrel, Perdix and NERD models: GF, VPM-B plus GFS.
  • RATIO Computers: iX3M series and iDive (Tech and Reb) series VPM-B and ZHL16-B.[17]
  • TDC-3 with MultiDeco-TDC: VPM-B & VPM-B/E, VPM-B/FBO, ZHL-C, GF, and GFS.[18]
  • HeinrichsWeikamp OSTC4: VPM-B

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Underwater diving Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Yount1991
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bonuccelli 2004
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Rebreather World
  4. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named V-Planner
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MultiDeco
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Ultimate Planner
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DecoPlanner
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named HLPlanner
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named JDeco
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named PalmVPM
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DivePlan
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Baltic
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Subsurface
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named V-Planner Live
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MultiDeco-X1
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MultiDeco-DR5
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ratio
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tdc-3
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