Eastern Yugur language

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Eastern Yugur is a Mongolic language spoken within the Yugur nationality. The other language spoken within the same communityTemplate:According to whom? is Western Yughur, which is a Turkic language. The terms may also indicate the speakers of these languages, which are both unwritten.[1] Traditionally, both languages are indicated by the term Yellow Uygur, from the autonym of the Yugur. Eastern Yugur speakers are said to have passive bilingualism with Inner Mongolian, the standard spoken in China.[2]

Eastern Yugur is a threatened language with an aging population of fluent speakers.[3][4] Language contact with neighbouring languages, particularly Chinese, has noticeably affected the language competency of younger speakers.[4] Some younger speakers have also begun to lose their ability to distinguish between different phonetic shades within the language, indicating declining language competency.[5]

Grigory Potanin recorded a glossary of Salar, Western Yugur, and Eastern Yugur in his 1893 book written in Russian, The Tangut-Tibetan Borderlands of China and Central Mongolia.[6][7][8][9][10][11]

Phonology

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
plain lateral
Stop voiceless Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
aspirated Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Affricate voiceless Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
aspirated Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Fricative voiceless Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
voiced Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Nasal voiced Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
voiceless Template:IPA link
Trill Template:IPA link
Approximant Template:IPA link Template:IPA link

The phonemes /ç, çʰ, ɕ, ɕʰ, ʂ, ʑ/ appear exclusively in Chinese loanwords.[1]

Vowels[12]
Front Central Back
High Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Mid Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Low Template:IPA link

Vowel length is also distributed.

References

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Further reading

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  12. ↑ Template:Harvp
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