Plumbago
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Plumbago is a genus of 23 species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. Common names include plumbago and leadwort (names which are also shared by the genus Ceratostigma).
Description
The species include herbaceous plants and shrubs growing to Template:Convert tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, entire, Template:Convert long, with a tapered base and often with a hairy margin. The flowers are white, blue, purple, red, or pink, with a tubular corolla with five petal-like lobes; they are produced in racemes.
The flower calyx has glandular trichomes (hairs), which secrete a sticky mucilage that is capable of trapping and killing insects; it is unclear what the purpose of these trichomes is; protection from pollination by way of "crawlers" (ants and other insects that typically do not transfer pollen between individual plants), or possible protocarnivory.[1]
Mature plumbago leaves often have a whitish residue on their undersides, a feature that can confuse gardeners. While this white material resembles a powdery mildew disease or a chemical spray deposit, it is actually a natural exudate from "chalk" glands that are found on the Plumbago species.[2]
Etymology
The generic name is from Latin Template:Wktl, which also meant "graphite", derived from the word Template:Wktl ("lead") and an attributive suffix. The plant name appears to have been first used by Pliny the Elder (23–79) for a plant known in Ancient Greek as Template:Wktl (molýbdaina) to Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90).[3][4][5] This may have referred to its lead-blue flower colourScript error: No such module "Unsubst"., the ability of the sap to create lead-colored stains on skin,[6] or Pliny's belief that the plant was a cure for lead poisoning.[7]
Species
Plants of the World Online accepts 23 species.[8]
| Image | Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| File:Dyerophytum africanum1 (3).JPG | Plumbago africana (Lam.) Christenh. & ByngScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".} | Southwestern Angola, Namibia, and the Cape Provinces of South Africa |
| Plumbago amplexicaulis Oliv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Zambia, and Mozambique | |
| File:Plumbagoaphylla.jpg | Plumbago aphylla Bojer ex Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Madagascar, Tanzania (Mbudya Island), Aldabra, Europa Island |
| File:Dyerophytum indicum kz02.jpg | Plumbago arabica (Boiss.) Christenh. & ByngScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".} | Eastern Arabian Peninsula and western and central India |
| File:Plumbago auriculata (Italy).jpg | Plumbago auriculata Lam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Mozambique and South Africa |
| Plumbago caerulea KunthScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Northwestern Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, northern and central Chile, and northern Argentina | |
| Plumbago ciliata Engl. ex Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Southern Tanzania | |
| Plumbago dawei RolfeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Southwestern Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Madagascar | |
| File:Dentelaria -Plumbago europaea (10247210236).jpg | Plumbago europaea L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Mediterranean to Iraq, Iran, Caucasus, and Turkmenistan |
| Plumbago glandulicaulis Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Northern Tanzania | |
| Plumbago hunsbergensis van Jaarsv., Swanepoel & A.E.van WykScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".} | Namibia | |
| File:Plumbago indica 112.jpg | Plumbago indica L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Indian subcontinent, Indochina, south-central China, Hainan, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi |
| Plumbago ituriensis NtoreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".} | Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
| Plumbago madagascariensis M. PeltierScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Madagascar | |
| Plumbago montis-elgonis BullockScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Southwestern Ethiopia, Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania | |
| Plumbago pearsonii L. BolusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Namibia (Naukluft Mountains) | |
| Plumbago pendula (Balf.f.) Christenh. & ByngScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | North-central Socotra | |
| Plumbago pulchella Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Mexico | |
| Plumbago socotrana (Balf.f.) ined.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Socotra | |
| Plumbago stenophylla Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Southeastern Kenya | |
| File:Plumbago tristis 1DS-II 3-6044.jpg | Plumbago tristis AitonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Southwestern Cape Provinces (South Africa) |
| File:Plumbago wissii 1DS-II 1-C5622.jpg | Plumbago wissii Friedr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Namibia (Brandberg) |
| File:Plumbago zeylanica 5Dsr 1-1656.jpg | Plumbago zeylanica L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Indian subcontinent, Indochina, southern China, Malesia, New Guinea, and northern and eastern Australia |
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See also
References
External links
Template:Sister project Template:Sister project
- Flora of Chile: Plumbago (pdf file)
- Flora of China: Plumbago
- Flora of Ecuador: Plumbago
- Flora Europaea: Plumbago
- Flora of North America: Plumbago
- Flora of Pakistan: Plumbago
Template:CarnivorousPlants Template:Taxonbar
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