Prosthechea

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Revision as of 16:19, 23 March 2025 by imported>Tom Radulovich (alpha sort synonyms)
(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox Prosthechea is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the Greek word prostheke (appendix), referring to the appendage on the back of the column. Appendage orchid is a common name for this genus.[1] Prosthechea is abbreviated Psh. in the horticultural trade.[2]

Morphology

The roots of all Prosthechea species possess a velamen (a thick sponge-like covering) differentiated into epivelamen and endovelamen. Flavonoid crystals were observed in both the roots and leaves. The erect stems form flattened or thickened pseudobulbs. There are 1 to 3 terminal, sessile leaves. The leathery blade is ovate to lanceolate. (Euchile leaves are softer and thinner than other Prosthechea leaves.)

The flowers form an apical, paniculate raceme with a spathe at the base of the inflorescence. There is a great variety in the flowers of this genus. They may be attached to the stem by a peduncle or they may be sessile. They can flower on the raceme at the same time or successively. They can be resupinate or non-resupinate (as in Prosthechea cochleata). Prosthechea flowers are unique among the Laeliinae in producing fluorescent flavenoid crystals when preserved in ethanol with 5% sodium hydroxide.[3]

The sepals are almost equal in length, while the petals can be much slender. The lip is pressed closely (adnate to proximal) to half of the column and shows a callus (a stiff protuberance). The column is 3- to 5-toothed at its top.

There are four, almost equal pollinia with an inverted egg shape. There are four stalks (or caudicles) in two pairs. The beak is entire, curved into a half circle and covered with viscous glycoside crystals.

The fruits consist of ellipse-shaped to egg-shaped, 1-locular, 3-winged capsules.

Taxonomy

The genus Prosthechea has only recently (1997; published in 1998) been reestablished by W. E. Higgins as a distinct genus (see references). Two species were later transferred to Euchile (E. citrina and E. mariae) by Withner in 1998.[4] The status of Euchile species as sister to Prosthechea excluding Euchile was confirmed by Higgins in his doctoral dissertation in 2000.[5] Previously, the species had been included in different genera : Anacheilium, Encyclia, Epidendrum, Euchile, Hormidium and Pollardia. The status as genus was confirmed by recent data, based on molecular evidence (nuclear (nrITS) and plastid (matK and trnL-F) DNA sequence data) (W. E. Higgins et al. 2003).

Distribution

This is a neotropical epiphytic genus, widespread across much of Latin America from Mexico to Paraguay, as well as in Florida and the West Indies.[6][7]

Species

Template:As of, Plants of the World Online accepts the following species:[8]

Image Name Distribution Elevation (m)
File:Anacheilium abbreviatum - Flickr 003 - cropped.jpg Prosthechea abbreviata (Schltr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru Template:Convert
Prosthechea aemula (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago and Brazil Template:Convert
Prosthechea alagoensis (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (Alagoas and Bahia ) Template:Convert
Prosthechea allemanii (Barb.Rodr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (Minas Gerais and Parana) Template:Convert
Prosthechea allemanoides (Hoehne) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil ( Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais and São Paulo ) Template:Convert
Prosthechea aloisii (Schltr.) Dodson & Hágsater (1999). Ecuador (Imbabura)
Prosthechea arminii (Rchb.f.) Withner & P.A.Harding (2004). Colombia and Venezuela Template:Convert
File:Epidendrum pentotis2.jpg Prosthechea baculus (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Vera Cruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas), Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica and south to Colombia and Brazil Template:Convert
Prosthechea barbozae Pupulin (2004). Costa Rica Template:Convert
Prosthechea bennettii (Christenson) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Peru Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea bicamerata (cropped).jpg Prosthechea bicamerata (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico Template:Convert
File:Anacheilium bohnkianum.jpg Prosthechea bohnkiana V.P.Castro & G.F.Carr(2004). Brazil (Bahia) Template:Convert
File:Dollar Orchid at Vizcaya Museum and Gardens (cropped).jpg Prosthechea boothiana (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Florida, Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Cuba, Caymans, Mexico, Guatemala and Belize Template:Convert
Prosthechea borsiana (Campacci) Van den Berg (2015) Peru (Amazonas) and Brazil (Goias)
Prosthechea brachiata (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca) Template:Convert
Prosthechea brachychila (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Colombia, and Venezuela Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea brassavolae GotBot 2015 003.jpg Prosthechea brassavolae (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama Template:Convert
File:Anacheilium bueraremense.jpg Prosthechea bueraremensis (Campacci) Van den Berg(2015) Brazil (Bahia) Template:Convert
Prosthechea bulbosa (Vell.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). southeastern Brazil Template:Convert
Prosthechea caetensis (Bicalho) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (Minas Gerais and Bahia)
File:Prosthechea calamaria Orchi 049.jpg Prosthechea calamaria (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and Bolivia Template:Convert
Prosthechea campos-portoi (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (Espirito Santo)
File:Prosthechea campylostalix Orchi 044.jpg Prosthechea campylostalix (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Guatemala, Panama and Costa Rica Template:Convert
Prosthechea carrii V.P.Castro & Campacci (2001). Brazil (Bahia) Template:Convert
File:Anacheilium chacaoensis - cropped.jpg Prosthechea chacaoensis (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela Template:Convert
Prosthechea chimborazoensis (Schltr.) W.E.Higgins Panama to Ecuador and Venezuela
Prosthechea chondylobulbon (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero, Mexico, Oaxaca, Vera Cruz, Puebla and Chiapas), Guatemala and El Salvador Template:Convert
Prosthechea christensonii (Harding) W.E.Higgins (2009) Ecuador
Prosthechea christyana (Rchb.f.) Garay & Withner (2001). Bolivia
File:Prosthechea citrina (Lex.) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82 377 (1997 publ. 1998) (49993975831).jpg Prosthechea citrina (Lex.) W.E.Higgins(1997 publ. 1998) Mexico Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea cochleata Orchi 17.jpg Prosthechea cochleata (L.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Florida, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Leewards, Puerto Rica, Windwards, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela and Colombia Template:Convert
Prosthechea concolor (Lex.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Puebla) Template:Convert
File:Flickr - ggallice - Orchid (7).jpg Prosthechea crassilabia (Poepp. & Endl.) Carnevali & I.Ramírez Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Trinidad & Tobago, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Surinam, French Guiana, and Guyana Template:Convert
Prosthechea cretacea (Dressler & G.E.Pollard) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero and Oaxaca) Template:Convert
Prosthechea ebanii Chiron & V.P.Castro(2008) Brazil ( Espirito Santo)
Prosthechea elisae Chiron & V.P.Castro (2003). Brazil (Espirito Santo) Template:Convert
Prosthechea faresiana (Bicalho) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (Minas Gerais) Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea farfanii (1).jpg Prosthechea farfanii Christenson (2002). Peru Template:Convert
Prosthechea fausta (Rchb.f. ex Cogn.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil Template:Convert
Prosthechea favoris (Rchb.f.) Salazar & Soto Arenas (2001). Mexico
Prosthechea fortunae (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Panama (Chiriqui)
File:Encyclia fragrans-Prosthechea fragrans inflorescence (36233927662).jpg Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Leewards, Trinidad & Tobago, Windwards, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil Template:Convert
Prosthechea fuertesii (Cogn.) Christenson (2008) Cuba to Hispaniola.
File:Encyclia garciana 001 GotBot 2015.jpg Prosthechea garciana (Garay & Dunst.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Venezuela Template:Convert
Prosthechea ghiesbreghtiana (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca) Template:Convert
Prosthechea gilbertoi (Garay) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Colombia Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea glauca.jpg Prosthechea glauca Knowles & Westc. (1838). Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador Template:Convert
File:Orchidaceae Prosthechea glumacea 1.2 (cropped).jpg Prosthechea glumacea (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Nicaragua, Guatemala, Ecuador and Brazil Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea grammatoglossa.jpg Prosthechea grammatoglossa (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia Template:Convert
Prosthechea greenwoodiana (Aguirre-Olav.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Oaxaca) Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea guttata GotBot 2015 002 - cropped.jpg Prosthechea guttata (Schltr.) Christenson (2003). Mexico Template:Convert
Prosthechea hajekii D.E.Benn. & Christenson (2001). Peru ( Junin) Template:Convert
Prosthechea hartwegii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia Template:Convert
Prosthechea hastata (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca ) Template:Convert
File:Panarica ionocentra.jpg Prosthechea ionocentra (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia Template:Convert
Prosthechea ionophlebia (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Costa Rica and Panama Template:Convert
Prosthechea itabirinhensis (Campacci) J.M.H.Shaw Brazil (Minas Gerais) Template:Convert
Prosthechea jauana (Carnevali & I.Ramírez) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Venezuela
Prosthechea joaquingarciana Pupulin (2001). Costa Rica Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea karwinskii (Mart.) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. 119(Suppl.) 38 (2011) (49894387708).jpg Prosthechea karwinskii (Mart.) J.M.H.Shaw Mexico (Oaxaca) Template:Convert
Prosthechea kautskyi (Pabst) W.E.Higgins Brazil (Espirito Santo ) Template:Convert
Prosthechea lambda (Linden ex Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Colombia Template:Convert
Prosthechea lindenii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Colombia and Venezuela Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea livida Orchi 041.jpg Prosthechea livida (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998) Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador Template:Convert
Prosthechea macrothyrsodes (Rchb.f.) Christenson Colombia
Prosthechea madrensis (Schltr.) Karremans Mexico, El Salvador and Nicaragua Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea magnispatha.jpg Prosthechea magnispatha (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico Template:Convert
File:Anacheilium marcilianum.jpg Prosthechea marciliana (Campacci) W.E.Higgins Brazil (Mato Grosso) Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea mariae Orchi 022.jpg Prosthechea mariae (Ames) W.E.Higgins Mexico Template:Convert
Prosthechea megahybos (Schltr.) Dodson & Hágsater (1999). Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia Template:Convert
Prosthechea mejia (Withner & P.A.Harding) W.E.Higgins Colombia
File:Prosthechea michuacana (Lex.) W.E.Higgins in Phytologia 82- 379 (1997 publ. 1998) 20230521 203942.jpg Prosthechea michuacana (Lex.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998) Mexico (Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Vera Cruz, and Chiapas ), Guatemala and Honduras Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea tripunctata Orchi 059.jpg Prosthechea micropus (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (2005) Mexico (Nayarit, Jaslisco, Guerrero, Mexico, Morelos, and Oaxaca ) Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea moojenii (23661055282) (cropped).jpg Prosthechea moojenii (Pabst) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil ( Bahia and Minas Gerais) Template:Convert
Prosthechea mulasii Soto Arenas & L.Cerv. (2002 publ. 2003). Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco and Mexico) and Guatemala Template:Convert
Prosthechea neglecta Pupulin (2001). Costa Rica Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea neurosa - Flickr 003.jpg Prosthechea neurosa (Ames) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Chiapas), Belize, Guatemala and Costa Rica Template:Convert
Prosthechea obpiribulbon (Hágsater) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Oaxaca to Jalisco) Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea ochracea Orchi 004.jpg Prosthechea ochracea (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama Template:Convert
Prosthechea ortizii (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Costa Rica
Prosthechea pachysepala (Klotzsch) Chiron & V.P.Castro Brazil ( Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and São Paulo) Template:Convert
Prosthechea pamplonensis (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Venezuela and Ecuador Template:Convert
Prosthechea panthera (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico(Oaxaca and Chiapas) and Guatemala Template:Convert
Prosthechea papilio (Vell.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais near Serra da Canastra, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catalina)
Prosthechea pastoris (Lex.) Espejo & López-Ferr. (2000). Mexico Template:Convert
Prosthechea pitengoensis (T.V.S.Campacci & Laitano) J.M.H.Shaw Brasil (Minas Geraias) Template:Convert
Prosthechea pringlei (Rolfe) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero and Oaxaca ) Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea prismatocarpa - Flickr 003.jpg Prosthechea prismatocarpa (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Costa Rica and Panama Template:Convert
File:Hormidium pseudopygmaeum.jpg Prosthechea pseudopygmaea (Finet) W.E.Higgins Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama Template:Convert
File:Pollardia pterocarpa.jpg Prosthechea pterocarpa (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico Template:Convert
Prosthechea pulcherrima (Klotzsch) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Peru
Prosthechea pulchra Dodson & W.E.Higgins (2001). Ecuador and Bolivia Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea punctulata.jpg Prosthechea punctulata (Rchb.f.) Soto Arenas & Salazar Mexico (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero) Template:Convert
Prosthechea pygmaea (Hook.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Florida, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leewards?, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, Windwards, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil Template:Convert
Prosthechea racemifera (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Costa Rica and Panama Template:Convert
File:Encyclia radiata (27778641095).jpg Prosthechea radiata (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Querétaro Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras and Belize to Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia Template:Convert
Prosthechea regentii V.P.Castro & Chiron Brazil (Minas Gerais) Template:Convert
Prosthechea regnelliana (Hoehne & Schltr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (Minas Gerais)
Prosthechea rhynchophora (A.Rich. & Galeotti) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua Template:Convert
Prosthechea roraimensis V.P.Castro & Campacci Brazil (Roraima) Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea sceptra Orchi 2012-09-21 083.jpg Prosthechea sceptra (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador Template:Convert
Prosthechea schunkiana (Campacci & P.A.Harding) W.E.Higgins Brazil (Minas Gerais) Template:Convert
Prosthechea semiaperta (Hágsater) W.E.Higgins Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca ) Template:Convert
Prosthechea serpentilingua Withner & D.G.Hunt Brazil
Prosthechea sessiliflora (Edwall) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (São Paulo and Minas Gerais)
Prosthechea silvana Cath. & V.P.Castro (2003). Brazil (Bahia) Template:Convert
Prosthechea sima (Dressler) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Panama and Colombia Template:Convert
Prosthechea spondiada (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Costa Rica, Jamaica, and Panama Template:Convert
Prosthechea squalida (Lex.) Soto Arenas & Salazar Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Coloma, Michoacan, Guerrerro, Mexico, Moreles, Oaxaca and Vera Cruz) Template:Convert
Prosthechea suzanensis (Hoehne) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)
Prosthechea tardiflora Mora-Ret. ex Pupulin (2001). Costa Rica Template:Convert
File:Anacheilium terassanianum.jpg Prosthechea terassaniana (Campacci & P.A.Harding) W.E.Higgins Brazil (São Paulo) Template:Convert
Prosthechea tigrina (Linden ex Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela and the Guianas Template:Convert
Prosthechea tinukiana Bogarín & Karremans Costa Rica Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea trulla -香港青松觀蘭花展 Tuen Mun, Hong Kong- (9255179384).jpg Prosthechea trulla (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico Template:Convert
Prosthechea vagans (Ames) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Costa Rica Template:Convert
Prosthechea varicosa (Bateman ex Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Hidalgo) Template:Convert
Prosthechea vasquezii Christenson (2003). Bolivia.
Prosthechea venezuelana (Schltr.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador Template:Convert
Prosthechea vespa (Vell.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil Template:Convert
Prosthechea villae-rosae P.Ortiz Colombia (Cundinamarca) Template:Convert
File:Prosthechea vespa 8.jpg Prosthechea vita (D.G.Hunt, Withner & P.A.Harding) J.M.H.Shaw Ecuador
File:Prosthechea vitellina Orchi 003-1.jpg Prosthechea vitellina (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Mexico, Nicaragua and Honduras Template:Convert
Prosthechea widgrenii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins (1997 publ. 1998). Brazil (Minas Gerais) Template:Convert

Natural Hybrids

References

  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". (in French)
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

Footnotes

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Taxonbar

  1. Template:PLANTS
  2. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. W. E. Higgins, "PROSTHECHEA A CHEMICAL DISCONTINUITY IN LAELIINAE", Lankesteriana 7(2003)39-41, available online at http://www.jardinbotanicolankester.org/lankesteriana/Lankesteriana%20vol.%203.%202003/Lankesteriana%20N%207/Numeroporsecciones/17%20Higgins.pdf
  4. C. L. Withner, Brassavola, Encyclia, and other genera of Mexico and Central America. The Cattleyas and their Relatives Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 1998
  5. reported in W. E. Higgins: "PROSTHECHEA A CHEMICAL DISCONTINUITY IN LAELIINAE", Lankesteriana 7(2003)39-41
  6. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  7. Flora of North America v 26 p 613, Prosthechea Knowles & Westcott, Fl. Cab. 2: 111. 1838.
  8. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".