Andropogoneae

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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

The Andropogoneae, sometimes called the sorghum tribe, are a large tribe of grasses (family Poaceae) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as maize (corn), sugarcane, and sorghum.[1] All species in this tribe use C4 carbon fixation, which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions.[2]

Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae, together with its sister group Arundinelleae. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved (incertae sedis). Hybridisation was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systematics are still not completely resolved.[2] From the morphological point of view, the merging of the former subtribe 'Dimeriinae' (having solitary spikelets borne in 'robust' raceme rachis ) into the subtribe Ischaeminae (having paired spikelets borne in 'fragile' raceme rachis) is doubtful. Affinities within the tribe are complex and still under investigation.[3] Mr. Shahid Nawaz, a grass specialist at the Blatter Herbarium, is working on the phylogenomics of the tribe from India.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

According to preliminary phytogeographic research on the tribe by MS Kiran Raj, Peninsular India, home to 54 genera (incl. 9 endemic genera, viz., Bhidea, Lophopogon, Glyphochloa, Pogonachne, Trilobachne, Pseudodichanthium, Triplopogon, Nanooravia, and Manisuris) and roughly 500 species, is thought to be the primary or secondary centre of diversity for Andropogonoid grasses. About 40% of the representative taxa are exclusively endemic to peninsular India, with the highest species diversity and endemicity found in genera like Arthraxon, Chrysopogon, Cymbopogon, Dichanthium, Dimeria, Heteropogon, Ischaemum, Ophiorus, Sehima, and Themeda.[4][3]

Description

Spikelets within the inflorescence (flower cluster) are generally arranged on spicate racemes in pairs. A fertile, unstalked spikelet is subtended by a sterile, stalked spikelet. In species where awns are present they are found on the fertile, unstalked spikelet as an extension of the lemma.[5]

Subtribes and genera

2017 classification

Classification following Soreng et al. (2017):[6] Template:Columns-list

2020 classification

Classification following Welker et al. (2020) (one asterisk * marks genera not sampled in their analyses that were tentatively placed based on previously published phylogenetic analyses; two asterisks ** marks genera placed solely on morphology):[7] Template:Div-col Tribe Andropogoneae Dumort.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 14 subtribes, 92 genera, and about 1224 species

  • Subtribe Arthraxoninae Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 genus and about 27 species
    • Arthraxon P.Beauv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 27 species
  • Subtribe Tripsacinae Dumort.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 genera and about 23 species
    • Tripsacum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 16 species
    • Zea L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 7 species
  • Subtribe Chionachninae ClaytonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 genera and about 12 species
    • Chionachne R.Br.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 9 species
    • Polytoca R.Br.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 species
    • Trilobachne M.Schenck ex HenrardScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **
  • Subtribe Rhytachninae Welker & E.A.KelloggScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 5 genera and about 26 species
    • Loxodera LaunertScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 5 species
    • Oxyrhachis Pilg.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
    • Rhytachne Desv. ex Ham.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 12 species
    • Urelytrum Hack.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 7 species
    • Vossia Wall. & Griff.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
  • Subtribe Chrysopogoninae Welker & E.A.KelloggScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 genus and about 49 species
    • Chrysopogon Trin.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 49 species
  • Subtribe Rottboelliinae J.PreslScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Coicinae Rchb. ex Clayton & RenvoizeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 genera and about 13 species
    • Chasmopodium StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 species *
    • Coix L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 species
    • Rottboellia NaezénScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 species
  • Subtribe Ratzeburgiinae Hook.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 11 genera and about 87 species
    • Eremochloa BuseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 12 species
    • Glyphochloa ClaytonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 9 species
    • Hackelochloa KuntzeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 species
    • Hemarthria R.Br.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 14 species
    • Heteropholis C.E.Hubb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 species *
    • Manisuris L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species *
    • Mnesithea KunthScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 26 species
    • Ophiuros C.F.Gaertn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 species *
    • Ratzeburgia KunthScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **
    • Thaumastochloa C.E.Hubb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 8 species *
    • Thyrsia StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 species
  • Subtribe Ischaeminae J.PreslScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Dimeriinae Hack. ex C.E.Hubb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 genera and about 152 species
    • Andropterum StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
    • Dimeria R.Br.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 61 species
    • Eulaliopsis HondaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 species
    • Ischaemum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 88 species
  • Subtribe Germainiinae ClaytonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 5 genera and about 44 species
    • Apocopis NeesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 16 species *
    • Germainia Balansa & Poitr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 10 species
    • Imperata CirilloScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 13 species
    • Lophopogon Hack.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 species **
    • Pogonatherum P.Beauv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 species
  • Subtribe Sorghinae Bluff, Nees & Schauer ex Clayton & RenvoizeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 genera and about 37 species
    • Cleistachne Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
    • Lasiorhachis (Hack.) StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 species
    • Sarga EwartScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 9 species
    • Sorghum MoenchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 24 species
  • Subtribe Saccharinae Griseb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 genera and about 64 species
    • Miscanthus AnderssonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 30 species
    • Pseudosorghum A.CamusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 species
    • Saccharum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 32 species
  • Subtribe Apludinae Hook.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 7 genera and about 68 species
    • Apluda L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
    • Asthenochloa BuseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **
    • Eulalia KunthScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 34 species
    • Homozeugos StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 species
    • Polytrias Hack.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
    • Sorghastrum NashScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 21 species
    • Trachypogon NeesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 species
  • Subtribe Anthistiriinae J.PreslScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 9 genera and about 204 species
    • Bothriochloa KuntzeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 37 species
    • Capillipedium StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 18 species
    • Cymbopogon Spreng.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 59 species
    • Dichanthium WillemetScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 22 species
    • Eremopogon StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 species *
    • Euclasta Franch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 species
    • Heteropogon Pers.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 species
    • Iseilema AnderssonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 24 species
    • Themeda Forrsk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 32 species
  • Subtribe Andropogoninae J.PreslScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 11 genera and about 292 species
    • Anadelphia Hack.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 14 species
    • Andropogon L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 125 species
    • Bhidea Stapf ex BorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 species **
    • Diectomis KunthScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
    • Diheteropogon (Hack.) StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 species
    • Elymandra StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 species
    • Exotheca AnderssonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
    • Hyparrhenia Andersson ex E.Fourn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 58 species
    • Hyperthelia ClaytonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 7 species
    • Monocymbium StapfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 species
    • Schizachyrium NeesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 70 species
  • Incertae sedis – 23 genera and about 126 species
    • Agenium NeesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 species *
    • Elionurus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 17 species
    • Eriochrysis P.Beauv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 11 species
    • Jardinea Steud.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 species
    • Kerriochloa C.E.Hubb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
    • Lasiurus Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species
    • Leptatherum NeesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 species *
    • Microstegium NeesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 27 species
    • Parahyparrhenia A.CamusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 species
    • Phacelurus Griseb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 species *
    • Pseudopogonatherum A.CamusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 5 species *
    • Sehima Forssk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 5 species
    • Spodiopogon Trin.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 18 species *
    • Thelepogon RothScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 species
    • Tripidium H.ScholzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 species
    • Clausospicula LazaridesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **
    • Lakshmia VeldkampScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **
    • Pogonachne BorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **
    • Pseudanthistiria (Hack.) Hook.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 species **
    • Pseudodichanthium BorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **
    • Spathia EwartScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **
    • Triplopogon BorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **
    • Veldkampia Y. Ibaragi & Shiro Kobay.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 species **

Template:Div-col-end

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Taxonbar

  1. ↑ Also called "kaoliang": "Shensi", in The Columbia-Viking Encyclopedia (1953), New York: Viking. Another spelling is "gaoliang."
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". Template:Open access
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Template:Open access
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SorengPeterson2017
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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