Isotopes of hafnium

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Revision as of 01:14, 7 June 2025 by imported>Tfdavisatsnetnet (Undid revision 1294311599 by 2601:441:8500:B870:0:0:0:B564 (talk) I agree the wording is a bit clunky, but the point is that there are no isotopes that are DEFINITIVELY known to be stable, therefore a complete deletion is not warranted. Please feel free to improve the text.)
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Template:Short description Template:Infobox hafnium isotopes Natural hafnium (72Hf) consists of five observationally stable isotopes (176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, and 180Hf) and one very long-lived radioisotope, 174Hf, with a half-life of Template:Val years.[1] In addition, there are 34 known synthetic radioisotopes, the most stable of which is 182Hf with a half-life of Template:Val years. This extinct radionuclide is used in hafnium–tungsten dating to study the chronology of planetary differentiation.[2]

No other radioisotope has a half-life over 1.87 years. Most isotopes have half-lives under 1 minute. There are also at least 27 nuclear isomers, the most stable of which is 178m2Hf with a half-life of 31 years. All isotopes of hafnium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

List of isotopes

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Template:Isotopes table |-id=Hafnium-153 | 153Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 81 | 152.97069(32)# | 400# ms
[>200 ns] | | | 1/2+# | | |-id=Hafnium-154 | rowspan=2|154Hf | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 82 | rowspan=2|153.96486(32)# | rowspan=2|2(1) s | β+ | 154Lu | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (rare) | 150Yb |-id=Hafnium-154m | style="text-indent:1em" | 154mHf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2721(50)# keV | 9(4) μs | IT | 154Hf | (10+) | | |-id=Hafnium-155 | 155Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 83 | 154.96317(32)# | 843(30) ms | β+ | 155Lu | 7/2−# | | |-id=Hafnium-156 | 156Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 84 | 155.95940(16) | 23(1) ms | α | 152Yb | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-156m | style="text-indent:1em" | 156mHf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1958.8(10) keV | 480(40) μs | α | 152Yb | (8+) | | |-id=Hafnium-157 | rowspan=2|157Hf | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85 | rowspan=2|156.95829(22)# | rowspan=2|115(1) ms | α (94%) | 153Yb | rowspan=2|7/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (6%) | 157Lu |-id=Hafnium-158 | rowspan=2|158Hf | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86 | rowspan=2|157.954801(19) | rowspan=2|2.85(7) s | β+ (55.7%) | 158Lu | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (44.3%) | 154Yb |-id=Hafnium-159 | rowspan=2|159Hf | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87 | rowspan=2|158.953996(18) | rowspan=2|5.20(10) s | β+ (65%) | 159Lu | rowspan=2|7/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (35%) | 155Yb |-id=Hafnium-160 | rowspan=2|160Hf | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2|159.950683(10) | rowspan=2|13.6(2) s | β+ (99.3%) | 160Lu | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0.7%) | 156Yb |-id=Hafnium-161 | rowspan=2|161Hf | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2|160.950278(25) | rowspan=2|18.4(4) s | β+ (99.71%) | 161Lu | rowspan=2|(7/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0.29%) | 157Yb |-id=Hafnium-161m | style="text-indent:1em" | 161mHf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 329.0(5) keV | 4.8(2) μs | IT | 161Hf | (13/2+) | | |-id=Hafnium-162 | rowspan=2|162Hf | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90 | rowspan=2|161.9472155(96) | rowspan=2|39.4(9) s | β+ (99.99%) | 162Lu | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0.008%) | 158Yb |-id=Hafnium-163 | 163Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 91 | 162.947107(28) | 40.0(6) s | β+ | 163Lu | (5/2−) | | |-id=Hafnium-164 | 164Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 92 | 163.944371(17) | 111(8) s | β+ | 164Lu | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-165 | 165Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 93 | 164.944567(30) | 76(4) s | β+ | 165Lu | (5/2−) | | |-id=Hafnium-166 | 166Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 94 | 165.942180(30) | 6.77(30) min | β+ | 166Lu | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-167 | 167Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 95 | 166.942600(30) | 2.05(5) min | β+ | 167Lu | (5/2)− | | |-id=Hafnium-168 | rowspan=2|168Hf | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96 | rowspan=2|167.940568(30) | rowspan=2|25.95(20) min | EC (98%) | 168Lu | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (2%) | 168Lu |-id=Hafnium-169 | 169Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 97 | 168.941259(30) | 3.24(4) min | β+ | 169Lu | (5/2−) | | |-id=Hafnium-170 | 170Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 98 | 169.939609(30) | 16.01(13) h | EC | 170Lu | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-171 | 171Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 99 | 170.940492(31) | 12.1(4) h | β+ | 171Lu | 7/2+ | | |-id=Hafnium-171m | style="text-indent:1em" | 171mHf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 21.93(9) keV | 29.5(9) s | IT | 171Hf | 1/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-172 | 172Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 100 | 171.939450(26) | 1.87(3) y | EC | 172Lu | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-172m | style="text-indent:1em" | 172mHf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2005.84(11) keV | 163(3) ns | IT | 172Hf | (8−) | | |-id=Hafnium-173 | 173Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 101 | 172.940513(30) | 23.6(1) h | β+ | 173Lu | 1/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-173m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 173m1Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 107.16(5) keV | 180(8) ns | IT | 173Hf | 5/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-173m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 173m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 197.47(10) keV | 160(40) ns | IT | 173Hf | 7/2+ | | |-id=Hafnium-174 | 174Hf[n 1] | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 102 | 173.9400484(24) | Template:Val[1] | α[n 2] | 170Yb | 0+ | 0.0016(12) | |-id=Hafnium-174m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 174m1Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1549.26(4) keV | 138(4) ns | IT | 174Hf | 6+ | | |-id=Hafnium-174m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 174m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1797.59(7) keV | 2.39(4) μs | IT | 174Hf | 8− | | |-id=Hafnium-174m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 174m3Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3312.07(6) keV | 3.7(2) μs | IT | 174Hf | 14+ | | |-id=Hafnium-175 | 175Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 103 | 174.9415114(25) | 70.65(19) d | EC | 175Lu | 5/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-175m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 175m1Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 125.89(12) keV | 53.7(15) μs | IT | 175Hf | 1/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-175m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 175m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1433.41(12) keV | 1.10(8) μs | IT | 175Hf | 19/2+ | | |-id=Hafnium-175m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 175m3Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3015.6(4) keV | 1.21(15) μs | IT | 175Hf | 35/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-175m4 | style="text-indent:1em" | 175m4Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4636.2(12) keV | 1.9(1) μs | IT | 175Hf | 45/2+ | | |-id=Hafnium-176 | 176Hf[n 3] | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 104 | 175.9414098(16) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 4] | 0+ | 0.0526(70) | |-id=Hafnium-176m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 176m1Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1333.07(7) keV | 9.6(3) μs | IT | 176Hf | 6+ | | |-id=Hafnium-176m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 176m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1559.31(9) keV | 9.9(2) μs | IT | 176Hf | 8− | | |-id=Hafnium-176m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 176m3Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2865.8(7) keV | 401(6) μs | IT | 176Hf | 14− | | |-id=Hafnium-176m4 | style="text-indent:1em" | 176m4Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4863.6(9) keV | 43(4) μs | IT | 176Hf | 22− | | |-id=Hafnium-177 | 177Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 105 | 176.9432302(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 5] | 7/2− | 0.1860(16) | |-id=Hafnium-177m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 177m1Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1315.4502(8) keV | 1.09(5) s | IT | 177Hf | 23/2+ | | |-id=Hafnium-177m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 177m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1342.4(10) keV | 55.9(12) μs | IT | 177Hf | (19/2−) | | |-id=Hafnium-177m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 177m3Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2740.02(15) keV | 51.4(5) min | IT | 177Hf | 37/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-178 | 178Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 106 | 177.9437083(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 6] | 0+ | 0.2728(28) | |-id=Hafnium-178m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 178m1Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1147.416(6) keV | 4.0(2) s | IT | 178Hf | 8− | | |-id=Hafnium-178m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 178m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2446.09(8) keV | 31(1) y | IT | 178Hf | 16+ | | |-id=Hafnium-178m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 178m3Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2572.4(3) keV | 68(2) μs | IT | 178Hf | 14− | | |-id=Hafnium-179 | 179Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 107 | 178.9458257(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 7] | 9/2+ | 0.1362(11) | |-id=Hafnium-179m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 375.0352(25) keV | 18.67(4) s | IT | 179Hf | 1/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-179m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1106.412(33) keV | 25.00(17) d | IT | 179Hf | 25/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-179m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 179m3Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3775.2(21) keV | 15(5) μs | IT | 179Hf | (43/2+) | | |-id=Hafnium-180 | 180Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 108 | 179.9465595(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 8] | 0+ | 0.3508(33) | |-id=Hafnium-180m1 | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 180m1Hf | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1141.552(15) keV | rowspan=2|5.53(2) h | IT (99.69%) | 180Hf | rowspan=2|8− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β− (0.31%) | 180m1Ta[3] |-id=Hafnium-180m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 180m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1374.36(4) keV | 570(20) μs | IT | 180Hf | 4− | | |-id=Hafnium-180m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 180m3Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2485.5(5) keV | 0.94(11) μs | IT | 180Hf | 12+ | | |-id=Hafnium-180m4 | style="text-indent:1em" | 180m4Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3599.0(10) keV | 90(10) μs | IT | 180Hf | (18−) | | |-id=Hafnium-181 | 181Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 109 | 180.9491108(15) | 42.39(6) d | β− | 181Ta | 1/2− | | |-id=Hafnium-181m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 181m1Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 595.27(4) keV | 80(5) μs | IT | 181Hf | (9/2+) | | |-id=Hafnium-181m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 181m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1043.5(8) keV | ~100 μs | IT | 181Hf | (17/2+) | | |-id=Hafnium-181m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 181m3Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1741.9(13) keV | 1.5(5) ms | IT | 181Hf | (25/2−) | | |-id=Hafnium-182 | 182HfTemplate:Refn | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 110 | 181.9505637(66) | 8.90(9)×106 y | β− | 182Ta | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-182m1 | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 182m1Hf | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1172.87(18) keV | rowspan=2|61.5(15) min | β− (54%) | 182Ta | rowspan=2|8− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (46%) | 182Hf |-id=Hafnium-182m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 182m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2571.3(12) keV | 40(10) μs | IT | 182Hf | (13+) | | |-id=Hafnium-183 | 183Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 111 | 182.953533(32) | 1.018(2) h | β− | 183Ta | (3/2−) | | |-id=Hafnium-183m | style="text-indent:1em" | 183mHf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1464(64) keV | 40(30) s | IT | 183Hf | 27/2−# | | |-id=Hafnium-184 | 184Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 112 | 183.955449(43) | 4.12(5) h | β− | 184Ta | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-184m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 184m1Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1272.2(4) keV | 48(10) s | IT | 184Hf | 8− | | |-id=Hafnium-184m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 184m2Hf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2477(10) keV | 16(7) min | | | 15+# | | |-id=Hafnium-185 | 185Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 113 | 184.958862(69) | 3.5(6) min | β− | 185Ta | (9/2−) | | |-id=Hafnium-186 | 186Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 114 | 185.960897(55) | 2.6(12) min | β− | 186Ta | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-186m | style="text-indent:1em" | 186mHf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2968(43) keV | >20 s | | | 17+# | | |-id=Hafnium-187 | 187Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 115 | 186.96457(22)# | 14# s
[>300 ns] | | | 9/2−# | | |-id=Hafnium-187m | style="text-indent:1em" | 187mHf | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 500(300)# keV | 270(80) ns | IT | 187Hf | 3/2−# | | |-id=Hafnium-188 | 188Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 116 | 187.96690(32)# | 7# s
[>300 ns] | | | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-189 | 189Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 117 | 188.97085(32)# | 400# ms
[>300 ns] | | | 3/2−# | | |-id=Hafnium-190 | 190Hf | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 118 | 189.97338(43)# | 600# ms
[>300 ns] | | | 0+ | | |-id=Hafnium-191 | 191Hf[4] | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 119 | | | | | | | |-id=Hafnium-192 | 192Hf[4] | style="text-align:right" | 72 | style="text-align:right" | 120 | | | | | 0+ | | Template:Isotopes table/footer

See also

Daughter products other than hafnium

References

Template:Reflist

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