Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt

Template:Short description Template:Main other The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXI, alternatively 21st Dynasty or Dynasty 21) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, lasting from 1077 BC to 943 BC.

History

After the reign of Ramesses III, a long, slow decline of royal power in Egypt followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty ruled from Tanis, but were mostly active only in Lower Egypt, which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest Manetho of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".

Pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty

Dynasty XXI Kings of Egypt

Pharaoh	Image	Prenomen (Throne name)	Horus-name	Reign	Burial	Consort(s)	Comments
Smendes / Nesbanebdjed I	File:Canopic Smendes Met.jpg	Hedjkheperre Setepenre	Kanakhtmeryreseuser Amunkhepesheferseqamaat	1077 - 1051 BC	unknown	Tentamun	Only controlled Lower Egypt during his reign. Founder of the 21st Dynasty.
Amenemnisu	File:Bowcap Amenemnesut Psusennes by Khruner.jpg	Neferkare Heqawaset	(unknown)	1051 - 1047 BC	unknown
Psusennes I / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I	File:Psusennes I's Funerary Mask in 2012.jpg	Akheperre Setepenamun	Kanakhtemdedamun Userfausekhaemwaset	1047 - 1001 BC	NRT III, Tanis	Mutnedjemet Wiay	Precise length of reign unknown. Either 41 or 46 years.
Amenemope	File:Amenemope Mask Crop.jpg	Usermaatre Setepenamun	(unknown)	1001 - 992 BC	Tanis		Manetho writes in his Epitome that Amenemope ruled Egypt for 9 years.
Osorkon the Elder	File:Seal Aakheperre Osorkon Petrie.jpg	Akheperre Setepenre	(unknown)	992 - 986 BC	unknown		Osorkon the elder ruled Egypt for 6 years.
Siamun	File:Relief Siamun Petrie.jpg	Netjerkheperre Setepenamun	Kanakhtmerymat Sameryenamunperemhauef	986 - 967 BC	unknown		Siamun is believed to have ruled Egypt for 19 years. Egyptologists have amended Manetho's figure of 9 years for this king to [1]9 years based on a Year 17 known for him in the Karnak Priestly Annals
Psusennes II / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II	File:Statue CG42192 legrain.jpg	Titkheperure Setepenre	(unknown)	967 - 943 BC	unknown

Timeline of the 21st Dynasty

<timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:100 bottom:100 right:100 left:100 AlignBars = early

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:-1077 till:-925 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-1077

Colors =

 id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)
 id:PA   value:green
 id:GP   value:red

Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas

BarData =

 barset:Rulers

PlotData=

 width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
 barset:Rulers

 from: -1077 till: -1051 color:PA text:"Smendes (1077 BC – 1051 BC)"
 from: -1051 till: -1047 color:PA text:"Amenemnisu (1051 BC – 1047 BC)"
 from: -1047 till: -1001 color:PA text:"Psusennes I (1047 BC – 1001 BC)"
 from: -1001 till: -992 color:PA text:"Amenemope (1001 BC – 992 BC)"
 from: -992 till: -986 color:PA text:"Osorkon the Elder (992 BC – 986 BC)"
 from: -986 till: -967 color:PA text:"Siamun (986 BC – 967 BC)"
 from: -967 till: -943 color:PA text:"Psusennes II (967 BC – 943 BC)"
 barset:skip

</timeline>

Further reading

• Jaroslav Černý, Studies in the Chronology of the Twenty-First Dynasty, JEA 32 (1946), 24-30

See also

• Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt
• Theban High Priests of Amun

External links

• http://www.narmer.pl/dyn/21en.htm