Gendarmerie General Command

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox law enforcement agency

The Gendarmerie General Command (Template:Langx) is the national gendarmerie force of the Republic of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Turkish Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of police forces (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. In wartime, some of its elements can be subordinated to Turkish Land Forces by the President of Turkey.

The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior.

The Gendarmerie has its roots in the Ottoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medieval Seljuq Empire.

History

File:GendarmeríaOtomanaEnMacedonia--balkancockpitpol00pric 0025.png
Ottoman Gendarmerie Cavalry in Macedonia.

Ottoman era

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". After the abolition of the Janissary corps of the Ottoman Empire in 1826, military organizations called Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Mansûre, Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Hâssa, and, in 1834, Asâkir-i Redîfe were established for security and public order in Anatolia and in some provinces of Rumelia.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

File:British Officers in the Ottoman Gendarmerie Graphic June 25 1904.JPG
British officers in the Ottoman Gendarmerie, 1904

As the first use of the term Gendarmerie was in the Assignment Decrees published in the years following the 1839 Edict of Gülhane, it is assumed that the Gendarmerie organization was founded after that year, but the exact date of foundation has not yet been determined. Therefore, the date on which the name Asâkir-i Zaptiye Nizâmnâmesi was adopted, June 14, 1839, is usually considered the foundation date of the Turkish Gendarmerie.[1]

After the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War, Ottoman prime minister Mehmed Said Pasha decided to bring police officers from Britain and France to establish a modern law enforcement organization. The Gendarmerie was used to great effect after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, particularly in Rumelia. In 1909, the Gendarmerie was affiliated with the Ministry of War, and its name was changed to the Gendarmerie General Command (Template:Langx).

Gendarmerie units continued their internal security duties as well as taking part in the conflict at various fronts as a part of the Armed Forces during World War I and the Turkish War of Independence.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Republic of Turkey

20th century

File:Topkapı sarayında nöbetçi Jandarma Eri.jpg
A Turkish conscript gendarme on guard at Topkapı Palace in Istanbul

The Gendarmerie organization achieved its current legal status on June 10, 1930. In 1939, the Gendarmerie organization was restructured, having three groups: Fixed Gendarmerie Units, Mobile Gendarmerie Units, and Gendarmerie Training Units and Schools.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In 1956, the Gendarmerie General Command was assigned the duties of protecting borders, coasts and territorial waters, and fighting smuggling, which had been previously carried out by the Gümrük Umum Kumandanlığı, under the Ministry of Customs and Monopoly. In 1957, Gendarmerie Border Units were transformed into brigades, and Gendarmerie Training Brigades were established.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In 1961, Gendarmerie Regional Commands were established. In 1968, the first Gendarmerie Aviation Unit was established in Diyarbakır under the name of Light Helicopter Company Command.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In 1974, Gendarmerie Commando Units and Gendarmerie Aviation Units took part in the Turkish military operations in Cyprus.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In 1988, the duty of protecting the land borders and ensuring their security was assigned to the Land Forces Command, but Gendarmerie General Command still holds the responsibility for some parts of the Iranian and Syrian borders and the whole Iraqi border.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The Gendarmerie Criminal Department was founded in Ankara in 1993 and from 1994, Gendarmerie Regional Criminal Laboratory Superiorities? were founded. Crime Scene Examination Teams, Explosive Material Disposal Units, Fingerprints and Palm Prints Branches and Crime Scene Examination Units were also established.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

21st century

In 2016, the Gendarmerie General Command was affiliated to the Ministry of Interior.[2]

In 2018, Gendarmerie Special Operations participated in Operation Olive Branch, part of the Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". According to the Syrian Observatory of Human Rights, Turkish Gendarmerie killed 500 Syrian civilians at the Turkish-Syrian border.[3]

The Gendarmerie General Command currently has a total of 3,600 units, including 3,056 Internal Security Units, 218 Commando Units, 162 Prison Units, 160 Protection Units and four Aviation Units.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Duties

The duties of the gendarmerie according to the Law No. 2803 on the Organization, Duties and Powers of the Gendarmerie; It is categorized under four main titles as judicial, military, civil and other duties.[4]

Judicial duties

  • Finding crimes and criminals,
  • Capturing suspects,
  • Transferring evidence judicial authorities,
  • Conduct preparatory investigations when instructed to by the public prosecutor,
  • Transporting prisoners between jails and courthouses.

Civil duties

  • To ensure that the services for general safety and security are carried out in accordance with the relevant legislation,
  • To carry out the services of informing the public about how to protect the society from public order crime, directing children and young people to crime and taking precautionary measures,
  • To evaluate the information and statistics about public order crimes, to conduct or have an analysis of the crime and to determine the methods of combating crime to prevent public order crimes by evaluating them,
  • Carrying out activities to prevent crime,
  • Preventing, pursuing and investigating smuggling,
  • External protection of penal institutions and detention centers.

Military duties

  • To perform military services provided by law

Other duties

  • These are duties other than judicial, military and civil duties, such as facility and personal protection and transport security, which must be carried out in accordance with laws and regulations, orders and decisions.

Structure

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:Gendarme - Çankaya.jpg
Gendarmerie General Command Headquarters

Commands

Gendarmerie General Command Headquarters (Ankara)

Criminal units

  • Provincial Gendarmerie Commands in 81 provinces & in 388 districts.
    • The Crime Scene Investigation Teams (CSIT) (Working under the Provincial and District Gendarmerie Commands systematically examine the crime scene by means of technical and scientific methods; properly gather physical evidences; pack and send them to forensic laboratories.)
    • Explosive Ordnance Disposal Teams ( which have been established in tourism regions, regions with a concentration of terror incidents and big cities, dispose of explosive ordnances.)
    • Crime scene investigation units[9]
    • Anti-Smuggling and Organized Crime Department (ASOCD)[10]
  • Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization

Other units

  • Gendarmerie Traffic Teams
    • The Gendarmerie Motorcycled Public Order Teams (Round-the-clock at the highways established by the protocols in the responsibility areas of the Gendarmerie General Command.)
  • Gendarmerie Dog Teams
  • Gendarmerie Environmental Protection Teams (Environmental Protection Teams have been established in order to protect environment, ecological balance and natural life, to protect living species and areas protected by national legislation and international conventions and to prevent environmental pollution.)[11]
  • The Gendarmerie Mounted Units (Used in performing patrolling services at resort areas, forestlands, recreation spots and museums (Topkapı Palace), and in performing preventive law enforcement services.)[12]

Jurisdiction

The Gendarmerie General Command has jurisdiction over 93 percent of Turkey's territory, focusing on rural and border areas, and serves approximately 20 percent of the population. The remaining areas fall under the jurisdiction of the police department.[13]

Led by a four-star general and organized into multiple commands, the Gendarmerie comprises nearly 195,218 to 200,000 personnel. It plays a central role in maintaining security in rural regions that are often targeted by criminal groups for smuggling, human and drug trafficking.

The Gendarmerie is a member of the NATO Stability Policing Centre of Excellence (NATO SP COE) and the International Association of Gendarmeries and Police Forces with Military Status (FIEP).[14]

Ranks

Officers

Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armed Forces/OF/BlankTemplate:Ranks and insignia of NATO Armies/OF/Turkey (Gendarmerie)

Other Ranks

Template:Ranks and insignia of NATO armies/OR/Turkey (Gendarmerie)
NATO code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1

The Gendarmerie Museum

File:Jandarma Müzesi.jpg
Museum

The Gendarmerie Museum is established in order to reflect the developments in periodical order beginning with the foundation of the Gendarmerie organization; to exhibit its activities, heroic deeds, services in the history; to protect all kinds of military cultural assets related to the Gendarmerie by collecting them and to transfer them to the future generations.

The Gendarmerie Museum in the Beytepe Lieutenant General İsmail SELEN Quarters in Ankara and is open to public.[15]

Equipment

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Model Origin Type References
Canik TP9 Template:Country data Turkey Semi-automatic pistol [16]
Sarsilmaz SAR 9 [17]
Glock 19 Template:Country data Austria [18][19]
Sarsılmaz Cobra & Baba Template:Country data Turkey Shotgun [18]
Armsan RS-A2
SPAS-12 Template:Country data Italy [17]
Heckler & Koch MP5 Template:Country data West Germany Submachine gun [17]
IMI Micro Uzi Template:Country data Israel [20]
SAR 109T Template:Country data Turkey [21]
FN P90 Template:Country data Belgium [22]
AKM Template:Country data Soviet Union Rifle [17]
Galil MAR Template:Country data Israel [23]
Heckler & Koch G3 Template:Country data West Germany Rifle [17]
HK G41
HK33A4
MKE MPT Template:Country data Turkey [24][25]
KCR-556 [26]
M16A1 Template:Country data United States [17]
M4A1 [18]
Accuracy International AW Template:Country data United Kingdom [27][17]
Heckler & Koch G28 Template:Country data Germany [18]
IMI Galatz Template:Country data Israel [28]
LMT MWS 308 Template:Country data United States [18]
McMillan M87R
McMillan Tac-50 [17]
MKEK JNG-90 Template:Country data Turkey [29]
Robar RC-50 Template:Country data United States [30]
SR-25 [31]
SVD Template:Country data Soviet Union [17]
Canik M2 QCB Template:Country data United States Machine gun [32][17]
FN MAG Template:Country data Belgium [18]
HK23E Template:Country data West Germany [17]
KMG556 Template:Country data Turkey [33]
SAR 762 MT [34]
M249 SAW Template:Country data United States
MG3 Template:Country data West Germany [17]
PKM Template:Country data Soviet Union
RPK
AK-40GL Template:Country data Turkey Grenade laucher [18]
Kale KGL40
MKEK 40mm
MKEK T40
HK 69 Template:Country data Germany [17]
HK 79 [18]
M203 Template:Country data United States
Mk 19 [35]
Milkor M32A1 Template:Country data South Africa [17]
RPG-7 Template:Country data Soviet Union [17][36]
M19 Template:Country data United States Mortar [17]
M29
Mortier 120mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1 Template:Country data France
Aselsan Alkar Template:Country data Turkey [37]
JARMOL Directed energy weapon [38]
ASELSAN IHTAR KARTAL-2 Anti-drone system [39]
COŞKUN EOD robot [40]
ASLAN Medium class UGV with integrated AVAZ long-range sonic weapon [41]

Vehicles and Aerial vehicles

Model Image Origin/Assembly Type Variant Quantity Details
Patrol vehicles
TOGG[42] File:2022 Togg C-SUVside.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Electric Patrol vehicle SUV N/A
BMC Tulga File:BMC Tulga of Turkish Gendarmerie at Teknofest 2023 İzmir.jpg Armoured patrol vehicle SUV Expected to enter the inventory of Gendarmerie 2025.It will be produced 300 in total.[43][44]
Isuzu D-Max[45] File:Isuzu D-MAX (front quarter).JPG Template:JAP
Script error: No such module "flag". 		Patrol vehicle Pick-up N/A
Dacia Duster[46] File:Dacia Duster - Mondial de l'Automobile de Paris 2014 - 001.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag". 		SUV
Fiat Egea[47] File:Fiat Tipo Sedan Facelift Leonberg 2022 1X7A0412.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag". 		Sedan 50
Fiat Doblo[47] File:Fiat Doblo (22707961995).jpg Bus 50
Reanult Megane[48] File:Renault Megane Jandarma squad car.JPG Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag". 		Traffic patrol vehicle Sedan N/A
Renault Fluence[48] File:GendarmerieRenaultFluence.jpg
Toyota Corolla[49] File:2018 Toyota Corolla (MZEA12R) Ascent Sport hatchback (2018-11-02) 01.jpg Template:JAP
Script error: No such module "flag".
Mitsubishi Triton[50] File:Mitsubishi L200 Crew Cab Gapsa.jpg Pick-up
Nisan Navara[45] File:2018 Nissan Navara Tekna DCi Automatic 2.3.jpg
Ford Ranger[51] File:Ford Ranger 3.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag". 		Patrol vehicle
Ford Transit Custom[52] File:Jandarma Alaçatı.jpeg Van
Ford Transit[53] File:2016 Ford Transit 350 2.2.jpg
Honda Africa Twin[48] File:HONDA - CRF1000L Africa Twin - (22861674485).jpg Template:JAP
Script error: No such module "flag". 		Patrol Motorbike CRF1000L
BMW R1200[48] File:BMW R 1200 GS Adventure racing blue.jpg Template:GER
Script error: No such module "flag". 		R1200 GS
Armoured vehicles
Sisu Nasu File:Tracked transport vehicle Sisu NA 110.JPG Script error: No such module "flag". Tracked All-Terrain Vehicle NA-140 BT 47
BMC Kirpi File:2012 Eurosatory BMC trucks.JPGFile:KirpiII.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". MRAP Kirpi

Kirpi II[54]

200

200[55][56]

Integrated JARMOL Directed energy weapon on Kirpi 1.[57] It can be combined with IHTAR KARTAL-2 anti-drone system.[39]
BMC Vuran[58] File:Turkish Very High Readiness Joint Task Force in Romania 210519-N-D0455-006.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". MRAP Vuran 4x4

Vuran Alkar

240[59] BMC Vuran armored vehicle with Mobile Adjustable Ramp System.[60] The Gendarmerie took delivery of the VURAN vehicles mounted on the ALKAR 120mm Mortar Weapon System. Mobile mortar capability will be gained with ALKAR-mounted VURAN vehicles.[37]
Nurol Ejder[58] File:Ejder Yalçın.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". MRAP Ejder Yalçın 4x4 200[61]
Katmerciler Hızır File:Hızır4x4 zırhlı araç.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". MRAP 57[62] Border patrol vehicle.[62]
Otokar Cobra File:Kosovo Army Otokar Cobra.jpgFile:OtokarCobraII.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Infantry Mobility Vehicle Cobra I

Cobra II[58]

200

100[55]

Otokar Ural - Script error: No such module "flag". Armoured patrol vehicle N/A[62]
Otokar Akrep File:Armored police vehicle in Istanbul, Turkey (2024) 1.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Armoured Patrol vehicle Akrep I 100[63]
FNSS PARS File:ParsScout6x6 (1).jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Armoured fighting vehicle PARS SCOUT 0/5 Expected delivery of 5 AFV.[64]
TOMA[58] File:TOMA57.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Armoured vehicle N/A Community Incident Intervention Vehicle.
Dragoon File:Tanqueta militar.JPG Script error: No such module "flag". Amphibious Armoured fighting vehicle Dragoon 300 150[65]
Engineering vehicle
MEMATT - Script error: No such module "flag". Demining vehicle 2[66]
Aircraft
Beechcraft Super King Air[67][68] File:Beechcraft Super King Air B350 (31378959748).jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Light transport/

Reconnaissance aircraft

B350ISR[69] 3[70] 3 B350ISR are leased.[71]

Used by Gendarmerie Aviation Command[68]

Cessna C-680 File:D-CARO Cessna 680 CitationSovereigen +C680 c n 680-0514 (44913198971).jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Light transport aircraft C-680[72] 1[73]
AQUILA A212 File:AquilaA211 Teknofest2019.jpg Template:GER Light aircraft/Trainer aircraft A212 1[74] New variant in use.[75]
TAI Hürkuş File:TAI HURKUS-C (34839092714).jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Light attack Hürkuş-C Planned acquisition.[76]
Helicopters
TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK File:BG12-1001 (14662033896).jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag".		 Attack helicopter T-129B 13[77] 24 in total planned.[78]
Sikorsky-S70 Black Hawk File:Teknofest 2023 Turkish Gendarmerie TUSAŞ T-70.png

File:Sikorsky S-70i BlackHawk TurkishGendarmerie Teknofest2021 (3).jpg

Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag".		 Medium Transport/Utility helicopter S-70A-D28 12[79] Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.
S-70i 2[80]
T-70 5/33[81][82] 33 T-70 ordered.[83][84]
TAI T625 Gökbey File:TAI T625 Gökbey TC-HLV.png Script error: No such module "flag". Light Transport/Utility Helicopter T625 3 It will replace UH-1 Huey helicopters.[85][86][87]
UH-1 Huey File:AB 205 Training.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Utility helicopter/Transport AB-205A 10[63][88] Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.
Mil Mi-17 File:Sivrihisar 2021 - Gendarmerie General Command Mil Mi-17 J-1703.png Script error: No such module "flag". Transport/Utility helicopter Mi-17 IVA 18[63] Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN. Upgraded with night vision system.[89]
Gyrocopter
Autogyro Cavalon File:Teknofest 2023 Turkish Gendarmerie gyrocopter 2.png Template:GER Reconnaissance/Surveillance 3[90] 6 more planned.[91]
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
TAI Anka File:TAI Anka Teknofest2019 (1).jpg Script error: No such module "flag". UCAV Anka S 8[92][93] Elazig Gendarmerie UAV command[94][95]
Bayraktar TB2 File:Bayraktar TB2 Ground.jpg TB2 18[96]
STM KARGU[97] File:Turkish STM Kargu kamikaze drone.jpg Loitering munition Kargu-2 N/A
Baykar Bayraktar Mini File:Mini4.jpg Miniature UAV C
UÇBEY[98] - VTOL UAV
Black Hornet Nano[99] File:ARMY WARFIGHTING EXPERIMENT 2017 - TESTING THE NEXT GENERATION OF TECHNOLOGY MOD 45162646.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Micro-UAV PD-100 Black Hornet

Additional info : Gendarmerie also acquired 130 basic and 5 professional Micro UAV systems.[100]

Planned acquisition : Planned acquisition of new liaison and utility aircraft.[100] Planned acquisition of 10 + 5 optional training aircraft.[101]

Surface Combatant

Boat
Name Origin Quantity Type Details
ASBOT KN-35 Script error: No such module "flag". 10[102] Security Boat ASBOT KN-35 boats were designed and developed by ASFAT A.Ş. for the units belonging to the Gendarmerie General Command.[103]

Retired/Reserve

Vehicles :

Aircraft :

Helicopters :

Gallery

List of commanders

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Law enforcement in Turkey Template:EUROGENDFOR Template:Border protection agencies Template:Authority control

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  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Better source needed
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Better source needed
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  37. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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