View source for Paramahansa Yogananda

{{short description|Indian and American yogi and guru (1893–1952)}}
{{Distinguish|Swami Yogananda}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name               = Paramahansa Yogananda
| image              = Paramahansa_Yogananda_Standard_Pose.jpg
| caption            = 
| religion           = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1893|1|5}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://starofmysore.com/yogi-yogis-sri-paramahansa-yogananda-visited-city/ |title=Yogi of Yogis Sri Paramahansa Yogananda visited our city | newspaper=Star of Mysore|access-date=January 5, 2018 |date=June 20, 2017 }}</ref>
| birth_place        = [[Gorakhpur]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]]<br/>(now in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| birth_name         = Mukunda Lal Ghosh
| death_date         = {{death date and age|1952|3|7|1893|1|5}}
| death_place        = [[Millennium Biltmore Hotel|Biltmore Hotel]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], United States
| death_cause        = 
| resting_place      = [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]]
| education          = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] ([[University of Calcutta|Calcutta]])
| guru               = [[Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri]]
| order              = [[Self-Realization Order|Self-Realization Fellowship Order]]
| disciples          = See [[List of direct disciples of Yogananda]]
| philosophy         = [[Kriya Yoga school|Kriya Yoga]]
| literary_works     = [[Paramahansa Yogananda bibliography|Bibliography]]
| founder            = [[Self-Realization Fellowship]] /[[Yogoda Satsanga Society of India]]
| signature          = [[File:Paramahansa-Yogananda-Signature-Transparent.png|180px]]
| module             = {{Infobox person|child=yes}}
| footnotes          = 
| citizenship        = [[India]] (from birth) <br> [[United States]] (from 1949)
}}
 
{{quote box|width=22em|title=Quotation|quote="You are walking on the earth as in a dream. Our world is a dream within a dream; you must realize that to find God is the only goal, the only purpose, for which you are here. For Him alone you exist. Him you must find." – from the book ''The Divine Romance'' }}
{{Hinduism}}  
'''Paramahansa Yogananda''' (born '''Mukunda Lal Ghosh'''; January 5, 1893{{spaced ndash}}March 7, 1952) was an Indian and American [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[monk]], [[yogi]], and [[guru]] who founded the [[Self-Realization Fellowship]] (SRF)/[[Yogoda Satsanga Society of India]] (YSS), a religious [[meditation]] and [[Kriya Yoga school|Kriya Yoga]] organization, to disseminate his teachings. A chief disciple of the yoga guru [[Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri]], he was sent by his lineage to spread  yogic teachings to the West. He immigrated to the US at the age of 27,<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Yogoda Satsanga Society of India|url=https://yssofindia.org/about|access-date=December 30, 2021|website=Yogoda Satsanga Society of India|language=en-US}}</ref> intending to demonstrate a unity between Eastern and Western religions and advocate for a balance between Western material growth and Indian spirituality.<ref name="autob2" /> His longstanding influence on the [[Yoga in the United States|American yoga movement]], and especially the yoga culture of [[Los Angeles]], led yoga experts to consider him the "Father of Yoga in the West". He lived his final 32 years in the US.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.inc.com/hitendra-wadhwa/steve-jobs-self-realization-yogananda.html|title=Steve Jobs's Secret to Greatness: Yogananda|last=Wadhwa|first=Hitendra|date=June 21, 2015|website=Inc.com|access-date=October 8, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Meares">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kcet.org/history-society/from-hip-hotel-to-holy-home-the-self-realization-fellowship-on-mount-washington|title=From Hip Hotel to Holy Home: The Self-Realization Fellowship on Mount Washington|last=Meares|first=Hadley|date=August 9, 2013|website=KCET|language=en|access-date=October 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Paramahansa Yogananda|url=https://yssofindia.org/paramahansa-yogananda|access-date=January 14, 2022|website=Yogoda Satsanga Society of India|language=en-US}}</ref>

Yogananda was among the first Indian religious teachers to settle in the US, and the first prominent Indian to be hosted in the White House (by President [[Calvin Coolidge]] in 1927);<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Chidan |first1=Rajghatta |date=June 19, 2019 |title=In America and across the world, India reclaims its yoga heritage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/in-america-and-across-the-world-india-reclaims-its-yoga-heritage/articleshow/69845650.cms |access-date=October 8, 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> his early acclaim led to him being dubbed "the 20th century's first superstar guru" by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/autobiogrpahy-of-a-yogi-tribute-yogananda_b_1319059|title=The Yogi Of The Autobiography: A Tribute To Yogananda|last=Goldberg|first=Philip|date=March 7, 2012|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> Arriving in Boston in 1920, he embarked on a successful transcontinental speaking tour before settling in Los Angeles in 1925. For the next two and a half decades, he gained local fame and expanded his influence worldwide: he created a monastic order and trained disciples, went on teaching tours, bought properties for his organization in various California locales, and initiated thousands into Kriya Yoga.<ref name="Meares"/> By 1952, SRF had over 100 centers in both India and the United States. {{as of|2012}}, they had groups in nearly every major American city.<ref name=":1" /> His "plain living and high thinking" principles attracted people from all backgrounds among his followers.<ref name="Meares"/>

He published his ''[[Autobiography of a Yogi]]'' in 1946 to critical and commercial acclaim. It has sold over four million copies, with [[HarperCollins|Harper San Francisco]] listing it as one of the "100 best spiritual books of the 20th Century".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Autobiography of a Yogi|url=https://yssofindia.org/paramahansa-yogananda/autobiography-of-a-yogi|access-date=December 30, 2021|website=Yogoda Satsanga Society of India|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="Spirituality & Practice">{{cite news |url=http://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/books/features/view/10915/100-best-spiritual-books-of-the-twentieth-century |title=Harper San Francisco, edited by Philip Zaleski ''100 Best Spiritual Books of the 20th Century'' }}</ref> Former [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] CEO [[Steve Jobs]] ordered 500 copies of the book, for each guest at his memorial to be given a copy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2013/09/10/technology/steve-jobs-gift/index.html|title=Steve Jobs' last gift|last=Segall|first=Laurie|date=September 10, 2013|website=CNNMoney|access-date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> It was also one of Elvis Presley's favorite books, and one he gave out often. The book has been regularly reprinted and is known as "the book that changed the lives of millions".<ref>{{cite book |last=Goldberg |first=Philip |year=2018 |title=The Life of Yogananda |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-1-4019-5218-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bowden |first=Henry Warner |year=1993 |title=Dictionary of American Religious Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXd49oi0FtsC |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0-313-27825-3 |page=629}}</ref> A documentary about his life commissioned by SRF, ''[[Awake: The Life of Yogananda]]'', was released in 2014.<ref name="HRReview">{{cite magazine |last1=Linden |first1=Sheri |date=October 10, 201 |title=Awake: The Life of Yogananda: Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/awake-life-yogananda-film-review-735830/ |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=May 11, 2022}}</ref> He remains a leading figure in Western spirituality. A biographer of Yogananda, Phillip Goldberg, considers him "the best known and most beloved of all Indian spiritual teachers who have come to the West".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Abhik |date=September 9, 2018 |title=Yogi and the USA |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/yogi-and-the-usa-1502682620.html |access-date=June 19, 2020 |work=The Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early years==
[[File:Yogananda menino.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Yogananda at age six]]
Yogananda was born Mukunda Lal Ghosh in [[Gorakhpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India, to a [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref name="mejda">Sananda Lal Ghosh, (1980), Mejda, Self-Realization Fellowship, p.3-4</ref> He was the fourth of eight children and second of four sons of Bhagabati Charan Ghosh, the vice president of [[Bengal Nagpur Railway|Bengal-Nagpur Railway]], and Gyanprabha Devi. According to his younger brother Sananda, Mukunda's spiritual awareness and experiences were far beyond the ordinary even from his earliest years.<ref name="mejda" /> His father's job required the family to move several times during Mukunda's childhood, including to [[Lahore]], [[Bareilly]], and [[Kolkata]].<ref name="autob2" /> According to ''Autobiography of a Yogi'', he was eleven years old when his mother died, just before the marriage of his eldest brother, Ananta. She left behind a sacred [[amulet]] for Mukunda, given to her by a holy man, who told her that Mukunda was to possess it for some years, after which it would vanish into the ether from which it came. Throughout his childhood, his father would fund train passes for his many sight-seeing trips to distant cities and pilgrimage spots, which he would often take with friends. In his youth he sought out many of India's Hindu sages and saints, including the [[Soham Swami|Soham "Tiger" Swami]], Gandha Baba, and [[Mahendranath Gupta]], hoping to find an illumined teacher to guide him in his spiritual quest.<ref name="autob2">''Autobiography of a Yogi'', 1997 Anniversary Edition. Self-Realization Fellowship (Founded by Yogananda) yogananda.org</ref>

After finishing high school, Mukunda formally left home and joined a Mahamandal Hermitage in [[Varanasi]]; however, he soon became dissatisfied with its insistence on organizational work instead of meditation and God-perception. He began praying for guidance; in 1910, his seeking after various teachers mostly ended when, at the age of 17, he met his guru, [[Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri]];<ref name="autob2"/> at that time his well-guarded amulet mysteriously vanished, having served its spiritual purpose. In his autobiography, he describes his first meeting with Sri Yukteswar as a rekindling of a relationship that had lasted for many lifetimes:

<blockquote>"We entered a oneness of silence; words seemed the rankest superfluities. Eloquence flowed in soundless chant from heart of master to disciple. With an antenna of irrefragable insight I sensed that my guru knew God, and would lead me to Him. The obscuration of this life disappeared in a fragile dawn of prenatal memories. Dramatic time! Past, present, and future are its cycling scenes. This was not the first sun to find me at these holy feet!"<ref name="autob2"/></blockquote>

==Training and vows==

He went on to train under Sri Yukteswar as his disciple for the next ten years (1910–1920) at his hermitages in [[Serampore]] and [[Puri]]. Later, Sri Yukteswar informed Mukunda that he had been sent to him by the great guru of their lineage, [[Mahavatar Babaji]], for a special world purpose of yoga dissemination.<ref name="autob2"/>

After passing his Intermediate Examination in Arts from the [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta]], in 1915, he graduated with a degree similar to a current-day Bachelor of Arts or B.A. (at the time referred to as an A.B.) from [[Serampore College]], the college having two entities, one as a constituent college of the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] and the other as an affiliated college of the [[University of Calcutta]]. This allowed him to spend time at Yukteswar's [[ashram]] in Serampore.

In July 1915, several weeks after graduating from college, he took formal vows into the [[monastic]] Swami order; Sri Yukteswar allowed him to choose his own name: [[Swami]] Yogananda Giri.<ref name="autob2" /> In 1917, Yogananda founded a school for boys in [[Dihika Ashram|Dihika]], West Bengal that combined modern educational techniques with [[yoga]] training and spiritual ideals. A year later, the school relocated to [[Ranchi]].<ref name="autob2" /> One of the school's first group of pupils was his youngest brother, [[Bishnu Charan Ghosh]].<ref name="Newcombe2017">{{cite journal |last=Newcombe |first=Suzanne |author-link=Suzanne Newcombe |title=The Revival of Yoga in Contemporary India |journal=Religion |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedias |volume=1 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.253|isbn=9780199340378 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48147/1/April_Yoga_Revival_Newcombe.pdf}}</ref> This school would later become the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India, the Indian branch of Yogananda's American organization, the [[Self-Realization Fellowship]].

==Teaching in America==
[[File:Paramahansa-Yogananda-meditating.jpg|thumb|upright|Meditating in 1910]]

In his autobiography, Yogananda writes that he received a vision one day in 1920 while meditating at his Ranchi school: faces of a multitude of Americans passed before his mind's eye, intimating to him that he would soon go to America.{{sfn|Yogananda|1998|p=341}} After giving charge of the school over to its faculty (and eventually to his childhood friend [[Swami Satyananda Giri|Swami Satyananda]]),{{sfn|Virk|2023|p=215}} he left for Calcutta. On the following day, he received an invitation from the [[American Unitarian Association]] to serve as India's delegate to an International Congress of Religious Liberals convening that year in [[Boston]].<ref>{{cite news|date=March 5, 1921|title=Swami Yogananda Giri speaks on "the inner life|newspaper=ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Boston Globe p.9|location=Boston, MA}}</ref> Yogananda sought his guru's advice, and Sri Yukteswar advised him to go. According to Philip Goldberg, Yogananda shared the following account in his ''Autobiography of a Yogi''. While in deep prayer in his room, he received a surprise visit from [[Mahavatar Babaji]], the foremost guru of his lineage, who told him directly that he was the one chosen to spread Kriya Yoga to the West. Reassured and uplifted, Yogananda soon afterwards accepted the offer to go to Boston. This account became a standard feature of his lectures.<ref name="autob2" /><ref name=":1" />{{Sfn|Goldberg|2010|p=110}}
[[File:Manuel Rosenberg sketch of Swami Yogananda for the Cincinnati Post 1923.jpg|thumb|1923 [[Manuel Rosenberg]] sketch of Swami Yogananda for the ''Cincinnati Post'']]

Before leaving India, Yogananda sought the blessing of Nagendranath Bhaduri Mahasaya, a saint who had aided Yogananda's spiritual efforts during his college days in [[Calcutta]]. Yogananda wrote that Bhaduri Mahasaya had previously foreseen his future mission to America, and that Bhaduri Mahasaya advised him: "Son, go to America. Take the dignity of hoary India for your shield. Victory is written on your brow; the noble distant people will well receive you."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=Autobiography of a Yogi |date=2023 |publisher=[[Yogoda Satsanga Society of India]] |isbn=978-81-93939-71-0 |location=Yogoda Satsang Math, Dakshineswar, Kolkata 700076 |pages=61–64 |chapter=The Levitating Saint}}</ref> 

In August 1920, he left for the United States aboard the ship ''The City of Sparta'' on a two-month voyage that landed near Boston by late September.<ref name="Melton">{{cite book |last1=Melton|first1= J. Gordon|first2=Martin|last2=Baumann|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices |year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598842043 }}</ref> He spoke at the International Congress in early October and was well received; later that year he founded Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) to disseminate worldwide his teachings on India's ancient practices and philosophy of [[Yoga]] and its tradition of meditation.<ref name="DENNIS HEVESI">{{cite news |author=Hevesi, Dennis | title=Sri Daya Mata, Guiding Light for U.S. Hindus, Dies at 96 | location=New York, NY | newspaper=New York Times| date= December 3, 2010 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/03/us/03mata.html?_r=0 }}</ref> Yogananda spent the next four years in Boston; in the interim, he lectured and taught on the East Coast<ref>Boston Meditation Group Historical Committee. ''In The Footsteps of Paramahansa Yogananda: A guidebook to the places in and around Boston associated with Yoganandaji''</ref> and in 1924 embarked on a cross-continental speaking tour.<ref>Sister Gyanamata "God Alone: The Life and Letters of a Saint" p. 11</ref> Thousands came to his lectures.<ref name="autob2" /> During this time he attracted a number of celebrity followers, including soprano [[Amelita Galli-Curci]], tenor [[Vladimir Rosing]] and [[Clara Clemens|Clara Clemens Gabrilowitsch]], the daughter of [[Mark Twain]]. In 1925, he established an international center for Self-Realization Fellowship in Los Angeles, California, which became the spiritual and administrative heart of his growing work.<ref name="Melton" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis Rosser |first=Brenda |title= Treasures Against Time|year=1991 |publisher=Borrego Publications |isbn=978-0962901607|page=Foreword p. xiii}}</ref> Yogananda was the first Hindu teacher of yoga to spend a major portion of his life in America.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Netburn |first=Deborah |date=November 19, 2020 |title=If you practice yoga, thank this man who came to the U.S. 100 years ago |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2020-11-19/self-realization-fellowship-paramahansa-yogananda-los-angeles-history}}</ref> He lived in the United States from 1920 to 1952, interrupted by an extended trip abroad in 1935–1936, and through his disciples he developed various temples and meditation centers around the world.<ref name=":4" />{{sfn|Yogananda|1998|p=xvi, 341}}

Yogananda was put on a government watch list and kept under surveillance by the FBI and the British authorities, who were concerned about the growing independence movement in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/why-yogananda-was-before_n_6006756|title=The Best Yoga Film of 2014: Get a Sneak Peak[sic] Here|date=October 20, 2014|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> A confidential file was kept on him from 1926 to 1937 due to concern over his religious and moral practices.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/2678849|title=Confidential File on Swami Yogananda, Alleged Hindu Religious Leader, Whose Fraudulent and Moral Practices Rendered Him an Undesirable Alien, from 1926–1937|publisher=National Archives Catalog, Department of Commerce and Labor. Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization|series=Subject and Policy Files, 1893 – 1957|access-date=May 8, 2019|archive-date=July 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729050251/https://catalog.archives.gov/id/2678849|url-status=dead}}</ref> Philip Goldberg's biography describes Yogananda as being up against a perfect storm of America's worst defects: media [[sensationalism]], religious bigotry, ethnic stereotyping, paternalism, sexual anxiety, and brazen racism.<ref name = Phil/>

In 1928, Yogananda received unfavorable publicity in Miami, and the police chief, Leslie Quigg, prohibited Yogananda from holding any further events. Quiggs said it was not due to a personal grudge against the Swami but rather in the interest of public order and Yogananda's own safety. Quigg had received veiled threats against Yogananda.<ref>Biography of a Yogi (2017), by Anya Foxan, pg 106-108</ref> According to Phil Goldberg:<ref name="Phil" /><blockquote>It turns out that Miami officials had summoned the British vice consulate to advise them on the matter ... One consulate officer said that the Miami city manager and Chief Quigg "recognized the fact that the swami was a British subject and apparently an educated man, but unfortunately he was what is considered in this part of the country a coloured man." Given the South's cultural mores, he noted, "the swami was in great danger of suffering bodily harm from the populace."</blockquote>

==Lawsuits==
In 1929, Yogananda was sued by his long-time friend Basu Kumar Bagchi, who had been initiated as Swami Dhirananda by Yogananda in 1911 and had come to help Yogananda teach in America. Bagchi claimed that they had a business partnership and that Yogananda owed him wages and royalties. The lawsuit was eventually settled, but some of Yogananda's students chose to instead follow Bagchi, who shed his monastic name and became a married academic.{{sfn|Virk|2023|p=215–217, 313}}

In the 1990s, a seven-year paternity dispute occurred as a result of allegations from a disciple's family. In the late 1920s, a disciple of Yogananda's named Adelaide Erskine served as his photographer. Her descendants would later accuse Yogananda of having an illicit affair with Adelaide and fathering one of her children, Ben Erskine, even though Ben admitted that she never told him who his father was. In 1995 Ben Erskine's daughter took it a step further and gave SRF paternity claims along with financial demands. In 2002, SRF hired a former San Diego  prosecutor, G. Michael Still, to compare the DNA from Yogananda's three male relatives in India to Erskine's DNA. The lab work was done in two separate labs, one in Missouri and one in Louisiana. The results from both labs showed no biological connection between Yogananda and Erskine, settling the claim. According to Watanabe of ''the Los Angeles Times'', G. Michael Still said "the results would prevent Erskine from claiming standing in court to seek any inheritance, copyright assets or the disinterment of the guru's body."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watanabe |first1=Teresa |title=DNA Clears Yoga Guru in Seven-Year Paternity Dispute |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jul-11-me-guru11-story.html |access-date=May 11, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=July 11, 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Goldberg|first=Philip |title=American Veda |year=2012 |publisher=Harmony|edition = 1|isbn=978-0-385-52135-2 |pages= 246–247}}</ref>

==Visit to India, 1935–1936==
In 1935, he returned to India via [[ocean liner]], along with two of his Western students, to visit his guru, Sri Yukteswar Giri, and to help establish his [[Yogoda Satsanga Society of India|Yogoda Satsanga]] work in India. While enroute, his ship detoured in Europe and the Middle East; he undertook visits to other living Western saints like [[Therese Neumann]], the Catholic [[Stigmatist]] of [[Konnersreuth]], and places of spiritual significance: [[Assisi|Assisi, Italy]] to honor [[Francis of Assisi|St. Francis]], the Athenian temples of Greece and prison cell of [[Socrates]], the Holy Land of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and the regions of the [[Ministry of Jesus]], and [[Cairo|Cairo, Egypt]] to view the ancient Pyramids.<ref name="autob2"/><ref>{{cite book|title=The Second Coming of Christ (book) / Volume I / Jesus Temptation in the wilderness / Discourse 8 / Mattew 4:1–4|last=Yogananda|first=Paramahansa|publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship|year=2004|isbn=9780876125557|pages=166–167}}</ref>

In August 1935, he arrived in India at the port of [[Mumbai]]; due to his fame in America, many photographers and journalists came to meet him during his short stay at the [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel|Taj Mahal Hotel]]. Upon taking a train eastward and reaching the [[Howrah Station]] near [[Kolkata]], he was received by a huge crowd and a ceremonious procession led by his brother [[Bishnu Charan Ghosh]] and the [[Maharaja]] of [[Cossimbazar|Kasimbazar]]. Visiting Serampore, he had an emotional reunion with his guru, Sri Yukteswar – this meeting was noted in detail by his Western student C. Richard Wright.<ref name="autob2" /> During his stay in India, he saw his Ranchi boys' school become legally incorporated, and took a touring group to visit various locales: the [[Taj Mahal]] in [[Agra]], the [[Chamundeshwari Temple]] in [[Mysore]], [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]] for the [[Kumbh Mela]] of January 1936, and [[Brindaban]] to visit an exalted disciple of Lahiri Mahasaya, [[Swami Keshabananda]].<ref name="autob2" />

He also met various people who caught his interest: [[Mahatma Gandhi]], whom he initiated into Kriya Yoga; woman-saint [[Sri Anandamoyi Ma|Anandamoyi Ma]]; Giri Bala, an elderly yogi woman who survived without eating; renowned physicist [[Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]]; and several disciples of Sri Yukteswar's guru, [[Lahiri Mahasaya]].<ref name="autob2"/> While in India, Sri Yukteswar gave Yogananda the monastic title of ''[[Paramahansa]],'' meaning "supreme swan" and indicating the highest spiritual attainment. This title formally superseded his previous title of "swami".<ref>"Paramahansa means "supreme swan" and is a title indicating the highest spiritual attainment." [[#Miller|Miller]], p. 188.</ref> In March 1936, upon Yogananda's return to Calcutta after visiting Brindaban, Sri Yukteswar died (or, in the yogic tradition, attained [[Mahasamādhi|mahasamadhi]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |title= Religious Celebrations|year=2011|publisher= ABC-CLIO |isbn= 978-1598842050|page=512}}</ref> at his hermitage in [[Puri]]. After conducting his guru's funeral rites, Yogananda continued to teach, conduct interviews, and meet with friends for several months, before planning to return to the US in mid-1936.{{sfn|Yogananda|1998|p=395–398}}

According to his autobiography, in June 1936, after having a vision of [[Krishna]], he had a supernatural encounter with the resurrected form of his guru, Sri Yukteswar, while in a room at the Regent Hotel in Mumbai. During the experience, in which Yogananda physically grasped and held onto his guru's solid form, Sri Yukteswar explained that he now served as a spiritual guide on a high-astral planet, and expounded truths in deep detail regarding: the [[astral realm]], astral planets and the afterlife; the lifestyles, abilities and varying levels of freedoms of astral beings; the workings of karma; man's various superphysical bodies and how he works through them, and other metaphysical topics.<ref name="autob2" />

Yogananda and his two western students left India via ocean liner from Mumbai; staying for several weeks in England, they conducted several yoga classes in London and visited historical sites, before leaving for the US in October 1936.{{Sfn|Yogananda|1998|p=454}}

==Return to America, 1936==
In late 1936, Yogananda's ship arrived in New York harbor, passing the [[Statue of Liberty]]; he and his companions then drove in his Ford car across the continental US back to his [[Mount Washington, Los Angeles|Mount Washington, California]], headquarters. Rejoined with his American disciples, he continued to lecture, write, and establish centers in southern California. He took up residence at the [[Encinitas Gardens of Self Realization Fellowship Hermitage|SRF hermitage in Encinitas, California]], which was a surprise gift from his advanced disciple [[Rajarsi Janakananda]].<ref>[https://yogananda.org/encinitas-retreat Self-Realization Fellowship: Encinitas Retreat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326012100/https://yogananda.org/encinitas-retreat |date=March 26, 2019 }}. Yogananda.org. Retrieved on March 25, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://www.encinitastemple.org Self-Realization Fellowship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226213226/http://encinitastemple.org/ |date=February 26, 2021 }}. Encinitas Temple. Retrieved on March 25, 2019.</ref> It was at this hermitage that Yogananda wrote his famous ''Autobiography of a Yogi'' and other writings. At this time, he created an "enduring foundation for the spiritual and humanitarian work of Self‑Realization Fellowship/Yogoda Satsanga Society of India."<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Beloved World Teacher: Creating a Spiritual Foundation |url=https://yogananda.org/a-beloved-world-teacher |access-date=August 18, 2023 |website=Self Realization Fellowship |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:Paramahansa-Yogananda-with-book.jpg|thumb|upright|Yogananda with his autobiography, 1950]]

In 1946, Yogananda took advantage of a change in immigration laws and applied for citizenship. His application was approved in 1949, and he became a naturalized U.S. citizen.<ref name = Phil/>

The last four years of his life were spent primarily in seclusion with some of his inner circle of disciples at his desert [[Retreat (spiritual)|retreat]] in [[Twentynine Palms, California]], to finish his writings and to finish revising books, articles and lessons written previously over the years.<ref name="Gita">{{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=God Talks With Arjuna – The Bhagavad Gita p.xii/1130 |year=1995 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=978-0-87612-030-9}}</ref> During this period he gave few interviews and public lectures. He told his close disciples, "I can do much more now to reach others with my pen."<ref>{{cite AV media|last=Mata |first=Mrinalini |title=In His Presence: Remembrances of Life With Paramahansa Yogananda |type=DVD |publisher= Self-Realization Fellowship|isbn=978-0-87612-517-5}}</ref>

==Death==
Yogananda began hinting to his disciples that it was time for him to leave the world. According to Phil Goldberg, one example was what Yogananda said to Daya Mata just before the dinner, "Do you realize that it is just a matter of hours and I will be gone from this earth?"<ref name=Goldberg>{{cite book |last=Goldberg |first=Philip |year=2018 |title=The Life of Yogananda |publisher=Hay House, Inc |page=277-178|isbn=978-1-4019-5218-1}}</ref><ref name= Mata>Mata, Daya (1990). ''Finding the Joy Within'', 1st ed. Los Angeles, CA: Self-Realization Fellowship, p 256</ref>

On March 7, 1952, he attended a dinner for the visiting Indian Ambassador to the U.S., [[Binay Ranjan Sen]], and his wife at the [[Millennium Biltmore Hotel|Biltmore Hotel]] in Los Angeles. At the conclusion of the banquet, Yogananda spoke of India and America, their contributions to world peace and human progress, and their future co-operation,<ref name="Kriyananda">{{cite book |last=Kriyananda |first=Swami (Donald Walters) |title=The Path: Autobiography of a Western Yogi |year=1977 |publisher=Ananda Publications |isbn=978-0916124120 |url=https://archive.org/details/pathautobiograph00walt}}</ref> expressing his hope for a "United World" that would combine the best qualities of "efficient America" and "spiritual India".<ref>[[#Miller|Miller]], p. 179.</ref> According to his direct disciple and eventual head of the SRF [[Daya Mata]], who was present at the banquet, as Yogananda ended his speech, he read from his poem ''My India'', concluding with the words "Where Ganges, woods, Himalayan caves, and men dream God—I am hallowed; my body touched that sod."<ref>{{Cite news | last = Mata | first = Daya | author-link = Daya Mata | title = My Spirit Shall Live On: The Final Days of Paramahansa Yogananda | newspaper = Self-Realization Magazine | date =Spring 2002}}</ref> Daya Mata stated that "as he uttered these words, he lifted his eyes to the Kutastha center, and his body slumped to the floor."<ref name=Goldberg/><ref name="Mata"/><ref name="titleGurus Exit - TIME">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822420,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212094440/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822420,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2008 |title=Guru's Exit – TIME |access-date=January 17, 2008 |magazine=Time | date=August 4, 1952}}</ref> His funeral service, with hundreds attending, was held at the SRF headquarters atop Mt. Washington in Los Angeles. [[Rajarsi Janakananda]], who Yogananda chose to succeed him as the new president of the Self-Realization Fellowship, "performed a sacred ritual releasing the body to God."<ref>{{cite news | title= Hundreds Pay Tribute at Rites for Yogananda | location = Los Angeles, CA | newspaper= ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Los Angeles Times | date= March 12, 1952}}</ref>

According to the book ''Divine Interventions: True Stories of Mysteries and Miracles That Change Lives'', for three weeks after his death Yogananda's body "showed no signs of physical deterioration and 'his unchanged face shone with the divine luster of incorruptibility.'" A notarized letter from Harry T. Rowe, the mortuary director, added: "The absence of any visual signs of decay... offers the most extraordinary case in our experience... This state of perfect preservation of a body is, so far as we know from mortuary annals, an unparalleled one... Yogananda's body was apparently in a phenomenal state of immutability... No odor of decay emanated from his body at any time... For these reasons we state again that the case of Paramahansa Yogananda is unique in our experience."<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Millman|first1=Dan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2GoyaJ1xJsIC&q=Yogananda+remains+decay&pg=PA173|title=Divine Interventions: True Stories of Mysteries and Miracles That Change Lives|last2=Childers|first2=Doug|date=November 4, 2000|publisher=Rodale|isbn=978-1-57954-338-9|language=en}}</ref> Rowe wrote that Yogananda's body was embalmed approximately twenty-four hours after his death. On March 26 a barely noticeable desiccation on his nose was seen and on March 27 Rowe noted that Yogananda's body looked fresh and unravaged by decay as it did on the day of his death.<ref name=Rowe>{{cite web |title=Paramahansa Yogananda's Complete Mortuary Report |url=http://oaks.nvg.org/yogananda_mortuary_report.pdf |access-date=May 11, 2022}}</ref> Yogananda's remains are interred at the [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]] in the Great Mausoleum (normally closed off to visitors but Yogananda's tomb is accessible) in [[Glendale, California]].<ref name="PYmem">{{cite book |author=Self-Realization Fellowship (2001) |title=Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam: Personal Accounts of the Master's Final Days |year= 1986|location=Los Angeles, CA |isbn=978-0-87612-170-2}}</ref>

===Cause of death===
There are differing accounts of his death. The medical verdict was "acute coronary occlusion", i.e., a heart attack.<ref name="titleGurus Exit - TIME"/><ref name="Pool">{{cite news |last1=Pool |first1=Bob |date=January 12, 1999 |title=Debate Rises Over Plans for Religious Leader's Shrine |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jan-12-me-62631-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 11, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bhandari |first=P.L. |year=2013 |title=How Not To Be A Diplomat: Adventures in the Indian Foreign Service Post-Independence |publisher=The Quince Tree Publishing |isbn=978-0957697904}}</ref> According to other accounts, Self-Realization disciples claim that their teacher entered ''mahasamadhi'' (a yogi's conscious exit from the body).<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-life-of-yogananda-guru-author-of-autobiography-of-a-yogi_n_55dba1dde4b04ae4970435c8 |title= The Life Of Yogananda: Guru, Author Of 'Autobiography of a Yogi' |publisher= Huffington Post |website= Huffpost.com |date= September 2015 |language=en |access-date=November 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://biography.yourdictionary.com/yogananda |title=Yogananda Facts: The American Missionary |publisher= Your Dictionary: Biography |website=yourdictionary.com/ |language=en |access-date=November 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://yogananda.org/a-beloved-world-teacher |title=A Beloved World Teacher: Final Years and Mahasamadhi |publisher= Self-Realization Fellowship |website=Yogananda.org |language=en |access-date=November 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Phil">{{cite book |last=Goldberg |first= Philip |date= 2018|title= The Life of Yogananda |location= California |publisher= Hay House, Inc. |isbn= 978-1-4019-5218-1}}</ref>

==Teachings==
[[File:Yoganandawashingtondc.jpg|thumb|250 px |Giving a class in Washington, D.C.]]

In 1917, Yogananda, in India, "began his life's work with the founding of a 'how-to-live'<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |date=1925 |title=The Balanced Life - Curing Mental Abnormalities |url=https://yoganandaparenting.com/assets/files/The%20Balanced%20Life%20-%20curriculum%20for%20schools%20-%201925%20November%20-%20December%20East%20-%20West.pdf |access-date=2021-03-26 |website=Yogananda Parenting |archive-date=April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419130008/https://yoganandaparenting.com/assets/files/The%20Balanced%20Life%20-%20curriculum%20for%20schools%20-%201925%20November%20-%20December%20East%20-%20West.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> school for boys, where modern educational methods were combined with yoga training and instruction in spiritual ideals." In 1920 "he was invited to serve as India's delegate to an International Congress of Religious Liberals convening in Boston. His address to the Congress, on 'The Science of Religion,' was enthusiastically received." For the next several years he lectured and taught across the United States. His discourses taught of the "unity of 'the original teachings of [[Jesus Christ]] and the original Yoga taught by Bhagavan [[Krishna]].'"<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite book |last=Goldberg|first=Philip |title=The Autobiography of a Yogi: A Tribute to Yogananda |year=2012 |publisher=Huff Post Religion |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-goldberg/autobiogrpahy-of-a-yogi-tribute-yogananda_b_1319059.html}}</ref>

In 1920, he founded the Self-Realization Fellowship and in 1925 established in Los Angeles, California, US, the international headquarters for SRF.<ref name=Melton/><ref>{{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=The Second Coming of Christ: The Resurrection of the Christ Within You p.1566 |year=2004 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=978-0-87612-555-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kress |first=Michael |title=Publishers Weekly: Meditation is the message |year=2001 |publisher=Cahners Business Information|location= New York}}</ref>
Yogananda wrote the ''[[The Second Coming of Christ (book)|Second Coming of Christ: The Resurrection of the Christ Within You]]'' and ''[[God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita|God Talks With Arjuna – The Bhagavad Gita]]'' to explain his belief in the harmony and oneness of original Christianity as taught by Jesus Christ and original Yoga as taught by Bhagavan Krishna; and to present that these principles of truth are the common scientific foundation of all true religions.<ref name="Watanabe">{{cite news | author =Watanabe, Teresa |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-dec-11-me-beliefs11-story.html| title=A Hindu's Perspective on Christ and Christianity | location =Los Angeles, CA | newspaper=Los Angeles Times | date=November 12, 2004}}</ref>

Yogananda wrote down his ''Aims and Ideals for Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society'':<ref name="autob2"/><ref name="SRF-AI">{{cite web |url=https://yogananda.org/aims-and-ideals|title=Aims & Ideals of Self-Realization Fellowship |access-date=February 9, 2008}}</ref>

<blockquote>
* To disseminate among the nations a knowledge of definite scientific techniques for attaining direct personal experience of God.
* To teach that the purpose of life is the evolution, through self-effort, of man's limited mortal consciousness into God Consciousness; and to this end to establish Self-Realization Fellowship temples for God-communion throughout the world, and to encourage the establishment of individual temples of God in the homes and in the hearts of men.
* To reveal the complete harmony and basic oneness of original Christianity as taught by Jesus Christ and original Yoga as taught by Bhagavan Krishna; and to show that these principles of truth are the common scientific foundation of all true religions.
* To point out the one divine highway to which all paths of true religious beliefs eventually lead: the highway of daily, scientific, devotional meditation on God.
* To liberate man from his threefold suffering: physical disease, mental inharmonies, and spiritual ignorance.
* To encourage "plain living and high thinking"; and to spread a spirit of brotherhood among all peoples by teaching the eternal basis of their unity: kinship with God.
* To demonstrate the superiority of mind over body, of soul over mind.
* To overcome evil by good, sorrow by joy, cruelty by kindness, ignorance by wisdom.
* To unite science and religion through realization of the unity of their underlying principles.
* To advocate cultural and spiritual understanding between East and West, and the exchange of their finest distinctive features.
* To serve mankind as one's larger Self.</blockquote>

In his published work, ''The Self-Realization Fellowship Lessons'', Yogananda gives "his in-depth instruction in the practice of the highest yoga science of God-realization. That ancient science is embodied in the specific principles and meditation techniques of ''Kriya Yoga''."<ref name=Gita/> Yogananda taught his students the need for direct experience of truth, as opposed to blind belief. He said that "The true basis of religion is not belief, but intuitive experience. [[Intuition (knowledge)#Intuition and spirituality|Intuition]] is the soul's power of knowing God. To know what religion is really all about, one must know God."<ref name="autob2"/><ref name="Watanabe"/>

Echoing traditional [[Hindu]] teachings, he taught that the entire universe is God's cosmic motion picture, and that individuals are merely actors in the divine play who change roles through [[reincarnation]]. He taught that mankind's deep suffering is rooted in identifying too closely with one's current role, rather than with the movie's director, or God.<ref name="autob2"/>

He taught Kriya Yoga and other meditation practices to help people achieve that understanding, which he called [[Self-realization]]:<ref name=Melton/>
<blockquote>Self-realization is the knowing – in body, mind, and soul – that we are one with the omnipresence of God; that we do not have to pray that it come to us, that we are not merely near it at all times, but that God's omnipresence is our omnipresence; and that we are just as much a part of Him now as we ever will be. All we have to do is improve our knowing.<ref>{{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=The Second Coming of Christ: The Resurrection of the Christ Within You p. xxi|year=2004 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=978-0-87612-555-7}}</ref></blockquote>

In his book, ''How you can talk with God'', he claims that anyone can talk with God, if the person keeps persevering in the request to speak with God with devotion. He also claimed that God had spoken to him many times, apart from making miracles happen in his life. In the book, he claims that, "We may in a vision see a face of some divine/saintly being, or we may hear a Divine voice talking to us, and will know it is God. When our heart-call is intense, and we do not give up, God will come. It is important that we remove from our mind all doubt that God will answer."<ref name="Yogananda1998">{{cite book|author=Paramahansa Yogananda|title=How You Can Talk with God|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e7cHAAAACAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship Publishers|isbn=978-0-87612-168-9}}</ref>

==Kriya Yoga==

{{main|Kriya Yoga school}}

Kriya Yoga is the foundation of Yogananda's teachings. An ancient spiritual practice, Kriya Yoga is "union (yoga) with the Infinite through a certain action or rite (kriya). The Sanskrit root of ''kriya'' is ''kri'', to do, to act and react." Kriya Yoga was passed down through Yogananda's spiritual lineage: [[Mahavatar Babaji]] taught the Kriya technique to [[Lahiri Mahasaya]], who taught it to his disciple, [[Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri]], Yogananda's Guru.<ref name="autob2"/>

Yogananda gave a general description of Kriya Yoga in his ''Autobiography'':

<blockquote>"The Kriya Yogi mentally directs his life energy to revolve, upward and downward, around the six spinal centers (medullary, cervical, dorsal, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses) which correspond to the twelve astral signs of the zodiac, the symbolic Cosmic Man. One-half-minute of revolution of energy around the sensitive spinal cord of man effects subtle progress in his evolution; that half-minute of Kriya equals one year of natural spiritual unfoldment".<ref name="autob2"/></blockquote>

[[Mrinalini Mata]], a former president of SRF/YSS, said, "Kriya Yoga is so effective, so complete, because it brings God's love – the universal power through which God draws all souls back to reunion with Him – into operation in the devotee's life."<ref>{{cite book |last=Mrinalini Mata|title=Self-Realiztion Magazine: The Blessings of Kriya Yoga in Everyday Life|year=2011 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA}}</ref>

Yogananda wrote in ''Autobiography of a Yogi'' that the "actual technique should be learned from an authorized Kriyaban (Kriya Yogi) of Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society of India."<ref name="autob2"/>

==''Autobiography of a Yogi''==
[[File:Autobiography-of-a-Yogi.jpg|thumb|First edition of ''[[Autobiography of a Yogi]]'' (1946)|177x177px]]
{{main|Autobiography of a Yogi}}

In 1946, Yogananda published his life story, ''Autobiography of a Yogi''.<ref name=Melton/> It has since been translated into 45 languages. In 1999, it was designated one of the "100 Most Important Spiritual Books of the 20th Century" by a panel of spiritual authors convened by [[Philip Zaleski]] and [[HarperCollins]] publishers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.librarything.com/bookaward/HarperCollins+100+Best+Spiritual+Books+of+the+Century |title=HarperCollins 100 Best Spiritual Books of the Century }}</ref> ''Autobiography of a Yogi'' is the most popular among Yogananda's books.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com"/> According to Philip Goldberg, who wrote ''American Veda'', "the Self-Realization Fellowship which represents Yogananda's Legacy, is justified in using the slogan, 'The Book that Changed the Lives of Millions.' It has sold more than four million copies and counting".<ref name="Goldberg 2012">{{cite book |last=Goldberg|first=Philip |title=American Veda |year=2012 |publisher=Harmony; 1 edition (November 2, 2010): 109 }}</ref> In 2006, the publisher, Self-Realization Fellowship, honored the 60th anniversary of ''Autobiography of a Yogi'' "with a series of projects designed to promote the legacy of the man thousands of disciples still refer to as 'master'."<ref name=":4">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-aug-06-me-swami6-story.html |last=Sahagun |first=Louis |title=Guru's Followers Mark Legacy of a Star's Teachings
|date=August 6, 2006 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>

[[File:Paramahansa-Yogananda-with-Anandamayi-Ma.jpg|thumb|Yogananda with [[Anandamayi Ma]], 1935|160x160px]]

''Autobiography of a Yogi'' describes Yogananda's spiritual search for enlightenment, in addition to encounters with notable spiritual figures such as [[Therese Neumann]], Nagendranath Bhaduri Mahasaya, [[Sri Anandamoyi Ma|Anandamayi Ma]], Vishuddhananda Paramahansa, [[Mohandas Gandhi]], Nobel laureate in literature [[Rabindranath Tagore]], noted plant scientist [[Luther Burbank]] (the book is 'Dedicated to the Memory of Luther Burbank, An American Saint'), famous Indian scientist Sir [[Jagadish Chandra Bose]], and Nobel laureate in physics Sir [[C. V. Raman]]. One notable chapter of this book is "The Law of Miracles", wherein the author gives scientific explanations for seemingly miraculous feats. He writes: "[...] the word 'impossible' is becoming less prominent in man's vocabulary."<ref name="autob2"/>

The ''Autobiography'' has been cited as an inspiration by many people, including [[George Harrison]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Wright|first=Gary |title=Dream Weaver: A Memoir; Music, Meditation, and My Friendship with George Harrison |year=2014 |publisher= TarcherPerigee}}</ref> [[Ravi Shankar]]<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Mahony |first=John |title=A Hodgepodge of Hash, Yoga and LSD – Interview with Sitar giant Ravi Shankar |date=June 3, 2008 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/jun/04/worldmusic.india |access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> and [[Steve Jobs]]. In the 2011 book ''[[Steve Jobs (book)|Steve Jobs: A Biography]]'', author [[Walter Isaacson]] relates that Jobs first read the ''Autobiography'' as a teenager; read it again while visiting India; and, later, while preparing for a trip, downloaded it onto his iPad2 so as to keep the text handy—re-reading it at least once every year thereafter.<ref>{{cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |title=Steve Jobs: A Biography |year=2011 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-4853-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/stevejobs00isaa}}</ref> [[Jon Anderson]] was inspired by Paramahansa Yogananda and his book ''Autobiography of a Yogi'' when he wrote ''[[Tales from Topographic Oceans]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Seaman |first=Duncan|url=https://thequietus.com/articles/28700-jon-anderson-yes-vangelis-interview|title=A Long Way From Accrington: Jon Anderson Of Yes Interviewed |work=The Quietus |date=August 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Welch|first=Chris|title=Close to the Edge: The Story of Yes|author-link=Chris Welch|year=2008|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-0-7119-9509-3 |page=141}}</ref> [[India national cricket team]] captain [[Virat Kohli]] said that the ''Autobiography'' had influenced his life in a positive manner, calling it a "must-read".<ref>{{cite news |title=Virat Kohli reveals his source of inspiration: 'Autobiography of a Yogi' by Paramhansa Yogananda  |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/virat-kohli-reveals-his-source-of-inspiration-autobiography-of-a-yogi-by-paramhansa-yogananda-3290742.html/amp |access-date=October 3, 2020 |work=Firstpost |date=February 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Virat Kohli shares autobiography behind his success |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-shares-autobiography-behind-his-success-4531275/ |access-date=October 3, 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=February 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
==Claims of bodily incorruptibility==

As reported in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' on August 4, 1952, Harry T. Rowe, Mortuary Director of the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California, where Yogananda's body was received, [[embalmed]] and interred,<ref name="Guru's Exit">{{cite magazine |title=Guru's Exit |magazine=Time |date=August 4, 1952 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822420,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125193137/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822420,00.html |archive-date=November 25, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> wrote in a notarized letter<ref name="autob2"/>

<blockquote>The absence of any visual signs of decay in the dead body of Paramahansa Yogananda offers the most extraordinary case in our experience... No physical disintegration was visible in his body even twenty days after death... No indication of mold was visible on his skin, and no visible drying up took place in the bodily tissues. This state of perfect preservation of a body is, so far as we know from mortuary annals, an unparalleled one... No odour of decay emanated from his body at any time...<ref name="Mortuary">{{cite book |author1=Forest Lawn Memorial-Park |author2=Harry T. Rowe |author3=Mortuary Director | title=Paramahansa Yogananda's Mortuary Report | location = Los Angeles, CA | date= 16 May 1952}}</ref><ref name=Rowe/>
</blockquote>

On another note, according to Catherine Wessinger, "the body was embalmed but emulsion was not applied to the skin."<ref>{{cite book |last=Wessinger |first=Catherine |editor= Timonthy Miller|title=America's Alternative Religions, Hinduism Arrives in America: The Vedanta Movement And The Self-Realization Fellowship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=og_u0Re1uwUC&q=Self-Realization+Fellowship|   page=179 |year=1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=0-7914-2398-0 }}</ref>

Because of two statements in Rowe's letter, some have questioned whether the term "[[incorruptibility]]" is appropriate. First, Rowe wrote that embalming took place twenty-four hours after death. Claims of incorruptibility require that a body not be embalmed,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Petruzzello |first1=Melissa |title=Too Good to Rot? Saints with Incorrupt Bodies |url=https://www.britannica.com/story/too-good-to-rot-saints-with-incorrupt-bodies |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=May 13, 2022}}</ref> whereas the letter notes that Yogananda's body was embalmed soon after his death. Second, Rowe noted a slight brown spot on the nose on March 26, indicating process of desiccation (drying up).<ref name=Rowe/>

Rowe continued in paragraphs fourteen and fifteen: "The physical appearance of Paramahansa Yogananda on March 27th just before the bronze cover for the casket was put into position, was the same as it was on March 7th. He looked on March 27th as fresh and unravaged by decay as he had looked on the night of his death. On March 27th there was no reason to say that his body had suffered any physical disintegration at all. For these reason we state again that the case of Paramahansa Yogananda is unique in our experience. On May 11, 1952, during a telephone conversation between an officer of Forest Lawn and an officer of Self-Realization Fellowship, the amazing story was brought out for the first time."<ref name=Rowe/>

Self-Realization Fellowship published Rowe's four-page notarized letter in its entirety in the May–June 1952 issue of its magazine ''Self-Realization''.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Self-Realization Magazine |journal=Self-Realization |year=1952 |publisher= Self-Realization Fellowship |location=Los Angeles |issn=0037-1564}}</ref> From 1958 to the present it has been included in that organization's booklet ''Paramahansa Yogananda: In Memoriam''.<ref name=PYmem/>

Yogananda's crypt is in the Great Mausoleum, Sanctuary of Golden Slumber, Mausoleum Crypt 13857, [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Paramahansa Yogananda| url=https://sgo.forestlawn.com/?search=1&sradio=grave&fname=Paramahansa&slast=Yogananda#sgo_results| website=Forest Lawn Glendale}}</ref>

==Legacy==
===Self-Realization Fellowship/Yogoda Satsanga Society of India===

{{main|Self-Realization Fellowship|Yogoda Satsanga Society of India}}

Yogoda Satsanga Society of India (YSS) is a non-profit religious organization founded by Yogananda in 1917. In countries outside the Indian subcontinent it is known as the Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF). Yogananda's dissemination of his teachings is continued only through this organization.<ref name="Goldberg 2012"/><ref name=SRF>[https://yogananda.org/lineage-and-leadership About SRF: Lineage and Leadership] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520044756/https://yogananda.org/lineage-and-leadership |date=May 20, 2022 }}. yogananda.org</ref>

Yogananda founded the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India in 1917 and then expanded it in 1920 to the United States naming it the Self-Realization Fellowship. In 1935, he legally incorporated it in the U.S. to serve as his instrument for the preservation and worldwide dissemination of his teachings.<ref>{{wikisource-inline|SRF Articles of Incorporation 1935}}</ref> Yogananda expressed this intention again in 1939 in his magazine ''Inner Culture for Self-Realization'', published by his organization:

<blockquote> Paramahansa Swami Yogananda renounced all his ownership rights in the Self-Realization Fellowship when it was incorporated as a nonprofit religious organization under the laws of California, March 29, 1935. At that time he turned over to the Fellowship all of his rights to and income from sale of his books, writings, magazine, lectures, classes, property, automobiles and all other possessions...<ref>{{cite book |title=Inner Culture for Self-Realization|date=1939 |volume=12 |page=30}}</ref></blockquote>

SRF/YSS is headquartered in Los Angeles and has grown to include more than 500 temples and centers around the world. It has members in over 175 countries including the [[Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yogananda.org/locations|title=Locations of SRF/YSS centers & temples|access-date=January 16, 2021}}</ref> In India and surrounding countries, Paramahansa Yogananda's teachings are disseminated by YSS which has more than 100 centers, retreats, and ashrams.<ref name="SRF"/> [[Rajarsi Janakananda]] was chosen by Yogananda to become the President of SRF/YSS when he was gone.<ref name=Melton/><ref name="yogi">Self-Realization Fellowship (1996). ''Rajarsi Janakananda: A Great Western Yogi''. Self-Realization Fellowship Publishers. {{ISBN|0-87612-019-2}}.</ref> [[Daya Mata]], a religious leader and a direct disciple of Yogananda who was personally chosen and trained by Yogananda, was head of Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society of India from 1955 to 2010.<ref name="DENNIS HEVESI"/> According to Linda Johnsen, the new wave today is women, for major Indian gurus have passed on their spiritual mantle to women including Yogananda to the American-born Daya Mata<ref>{{cite book |first= Arvind |last=Sharma|title=Today's Women in World Religions|year=1994|publisher=SUNY Press}}</ref> and then to Mrinalini Mata. [[Mrinalini Mata]], a direct disciple of Yogananda, was the president and spiritual head of Self-Realization Fellowship /Yogoda Satsanga Society of India from January 9, 2011, until her death on August 3, 2017. She, too, was personally chosen and trained by Yogananda to help guide the dissemination of his teachings after his death.<ref name=SRF/> On August 30, 2017, [[Brother Chidananda]] was elected as the next president in a unanimous vote by the SRF Board of Directors.<ref name="LAT-2017">yogananda.org {{cite web |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/NewsArchive/2017/SRF_Announces_New_President.aspx |title=Brother Chidananda Elected President and Spiritual Head of SRF/YSS |access-date=September 3, 2017}}</ref> Yogananda incorporated the Self-Realization Fellowship as a nonprofit organization and reassigned all of his property including Mt. Washington to the corporation, thereby protecting his assets.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foxan |first1=Anya |title=Biography of a Yogi |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn =978-0190668051}}</ref>

On November 15, 2017, the President of India, [[Ram Nath Kovind]] visited the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India's Ranchi Ashram on its centennial anniversary in honor of the official release of the Hindi translation of Yogananda's book ''God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita''.<ref>{{cite news| title=President of India Ram Nath Kovind visited Ranchi| location=India| date=November 15, 2017| url=http://jharkhandstatenews.com/section/photo-story/1176| archive-date=May 23, 2021| access-date=March 17, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523180618/http://jharkhandstatenews.com/section/photo-story/1176| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Mishra, Sudhir Kumar | title=Ashram charms First Citizen | newspaper=Telegraph India| date=November 16, 2017 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/ashram-charms-first-citizen-186232| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318054109/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/ashram-charms-first-citizen-186232| url-status=dead| archive-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=President of India Visits YSS Ranchi Ashram – God Talks With Arjuna in Hindi Is Released|url=https://yogananda.org/blog/president-of-india-visits-yss-ranchi-ashram|date=November 15, 2017|publisher=yogananda.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=President, Ram Nath Kovind addresses at Yogoda Satsanga Society of India in Ranchi| location=India| agency=Newspoint Tv | newspaper=Amirapress.com| date=November 16, 2017 | url=http://www.amirapress.com/video/t_EYRTiB_QnwQ}}</ref>

=== Commemorative stamps ===
[[File:Paramahansa Yogananda 1977 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|upright|left|A 1977 stamp of India]]

India released a commemorative stamp in honor of Yogananda in 1977.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://istampgallery.com |title= A commemorative postage stamp on the Death Anniversary of Paramahansa Yogananda |access-date=March 11, 2017}}</ref> "Department of Post issued a commemorative postage stamp on the occasion of the twenty‑fifth anniversary of Yogananda's passing in honor of his far‑reaching contributions to the spiritual upliftment of humanity. "The ideal of love for God and service to humanity found full expression in the life of Paramahansa Yogananda. Though the major part of his life was spent outside India, still he takes his place among our great saints. His work continues to grow and shine ever more brightly, drawing people everywhere on the path of the pilgrimage of the Spirit."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianphilatelicstamps.blogspot.com/2017/01/paramahansa-yogananda-1977-india.html|title=Indian Philatelic Stamps |access-date=March 11, 2017 |date= January 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianphilatelicstamps.blogspot.com/2017/01/paramahansa-yogananda-1977-india.html |title= Indian Postage Stamps – 1977 |access-date=March 11, 2017 |date= January 5, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Paramahansa Yogananda 2017 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|A 2017 stamp of India, with the [[Yogoda Satsanga]] Sakha Math at Ranchi in the background]]

On March 7, 2017, the Prime Minister of India, [[Narendra Modi]], released another commemorative postage stamp honoring the 100th anniversary of the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.narendramodi.in/pm-modi-releases-special-commemorative-postage-stamp-on-100-years-of-yogoda-satsanga-math-534638|title= PM releases commemorative postage stamp on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Yogoda Satsanga Society of India |access-date=March 11, 2017}}</ref> Prime Minister Modi at [[Vigyan Bhawan]] in [[New Delhi]] appreciated Yogananda for spreading the message of India's spirituality in foreign shores. He said that though Yogananda left the shores of India to spread his message, he always remained connected with India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-releases-commemorative-stamp-on-yogoda-satsanga-society/articleshow/57513773.cms |title=PM Narendra Modi releases commemorative stamp on Yogoda Satsanga Society |access-date=March 11, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312142028/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-releases-commemorative-stamp-on-yogoda-satsanga-society/articleshow/57513773.cms |archive-date=March 12, 2017}}</ref>

===Direct disciples===
{{main|List of direct disciples of Yogananda}}

Yogananda initiated about 100,000 students into [[Kriya Yoga school|Kriya Yoga]] during his time in the West.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2020 |title=The Life and Times of Paramahansa Yogananda |url=https://www.yogi.press/home/the-life-and-times-of-paramahansa-yogananda |access-date=August 20, 2023 |website=The Yogi Press |language=en-GB}}</ref> According to SRF, the first disciple to take Kriya Yoga initiation in America was Minott W. Lewis, a [[Boston]] dentist who helped establish SRF's first center and served as SRF's vice president for many years.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Disciples Reminisce |url=https://yogananda.org/disciples-reminisce |access-date=August 20, 2023 |website=Self Realization Fellowship |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor M. W. Lewis on Paramahansa Yogananda |url=https://yogananda.org/doctor-m-w-lewis-on-paramahansa-yogananda |access-date=August 20, 2023 |website=Self Realization Fellowship |language=en-US}}</ref> Three of Yogananda's direct disciples went on to lead his organization: Rajarsi Janakananda, Daya Mata, and Mrinalini Mata.

==Bibliography==
{{Main|Paramahansa Yogananda bibliography}}

According to [[Self-Realization Fellowship|SRF]], Yogananda created a large body of work on subjects such as meditation, balanced living, and "the underlying unity of all great religions", and he left specific instructions to some of his disciples in SRF regarding how his teachings should be prepared and published.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Read: His Complete Writings, Lectures, and Informal Talks |url=https://yogananda.org/paramahansa-yogananda-engage-read |access-date=August 18, 2023 |website=Self Realization Fellowship |language=en-US}}</ref> SRF publishes collections of his talks, poems, prayers,{{Sfn|Goldberg|2010|p=117-118}} chants, and sayings, as well as his commentaries on the [[Bhagavad Gita]] and the four [[Gospel]]s.<ref name=":2" /> The ''[[Autobiography of a Yogi]]'' has been in print since 1946.{{Sfn|Goldberg|2010|p=117-118}}

==See also==
* [[List of Hindu gurus and saints]]
* [[Paramahamsa]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|40em}}
* {{cite book |publisher=Boston Meditation Group Historical Committee |title=In The Footsteps of Paramahansa Yogananda: A guidebook to the places in and around Boston associated with Yoganandaji |year=1989|location=Boston, MA }}
* {{cite book |last=Bowden |first=Henry Warner |title=Dictionary of American Religious Biography |year=1993 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-27825-9 }}
* {{cite book |last=Daya|first=Mata|title=Finding the Joy Within |year=1990 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |isbn=978-0-87612-288-4}}
* {{cite book |author1=Forest Lawn Memorial Park |author2=Harry T. Rowe |author3=Mortuary Director |title=Paramahansa Yogananda's Complete Mortuary Report | date= May 16, 1952|location= Los Angeles, CA}}
* {{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Sananda Lal |title=Mejda: The Family and the Early Life of Paramahansa Yogananda |year=1980 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship Publishers |isbn=978-0-87612-265-5 }}
* {{cite book |last=Goldberg|first=Philip |title=The Autobiography of a Yogi: A Tribute to Yogananda |year=2012 |publisher=Huff Post Religion |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-goldberg/autobiogrpahy-of-a-yogi-tribute-yogananda_b_1319059.html}}
* {{cite book |last=Goldberg|first=Philip |title=American Veda |year=2010 |publisher=Harmony (1st ed.) |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15975100W/American_Veda?edition=key%3A/books/OL24880191M}}
* {{cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |title=Steve Jobs: A Biography |year=2001 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-4853-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/stevejobs00isaa }}
* {{cite book |last=Jordan |first= Frank C., Secretary of State of California |title=Articles of Incorporation of the Self Realization Fellowship Church|year=1935|publisher=State of California|location= Los Angeles CA |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/SRF_Articles_of_Incorporation_1935 }}
* {{cite news | last= Kress | first = Michael | title=Meditation is the Message | location = New York | agency=Cahners Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier | newspaper=Publishers Weekly | date=March 26, 2001 }}
* {{cite book |last=Kriyananda |first=Swami |title=The Path: Autobiography of a Western Yogi |year=1977 |publisher=Crystal Clarity Publishers |isbn=978-0-916124-11-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/path00swam }}
* {{cite book |last=[[J. Gordon Melton]]|first=Martin Baumann|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices |year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598842043 }}
* {{cite book | ref =Miller | last =Miller | first =Timothy | title =America's Alternative Religions | publisher =Borrego Publications; 1st edition (1991) | year =1995 | isbn =978-0-7914-2397-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/americasalternat00mill }}
* {{cite book |last=Mrinalini Mata|title=Self-Realization Magazine: The Blessings of Kriya Yoga in Everyday Life|year=2011 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rosser |first1=Brenda Lewis |title=Treasures Against Time: Paramahansa Yogananda with Doctor and Mrs. Lewis |date=2001 |publisher=Borrego Publications |location=Borrego Springs, CA |isbn=978-0-9629016-1-4 |edition=2nd}}
* {{cite web|last1=Rowe|first1=Harry T.|title= Paramahansa Yogananda's Mortuary Report|url=http://oaks.nvg.org/yogananda_mortuary_report.pdf|publisher=Forest Lawn Memorial Park}}
* {{cite journal |last=Self-Realization Fellowship|title=Inner Culture for Self-Realization|year=1939|location=Los Angeles, CA |publisher= Volume 12, page 30}}
* {{cite journal |title=Self-Realization Magazine|year=1952|location=Los Angeles, CA |publisher= Volume 24, No. 22}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org |title=Self-Realization Fellowship website |access-date=November 24, 2011 }}
* {{cite news |last= Sahagun |first=Louis |title=Guru's Followers Mark Legacy of a Star's Teachings|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-aug-06-me-swami6-story.html |date=August 6, 2006 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times }}
* {{cite book |last=Thomas|first=Wendell|title=Hinduism Invades America |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.58907|year=1930 |publisher=The Beacon Press, Inc.|location= New York, NY }}
* {{Cite book |last=Virk |first=Rizwan |title=Wisdom of a Yogi |publisher=Bayview Books |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-954872-10-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Wessinger |first=Catherine |editor= Timonthy Miller|title=America's Alternative Religions, Hinduism Arrives in America: The Vedanta Movement And The Self-Realization Fellowship|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=og_u0Re1uwUC&q=Self-Realization+Fellowship | page=179 |year=1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=0-7914-2398-0 }}
* {{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=Autobiography of a Yogi |year=1997 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=978-0-87612-086-6}}
* {{Cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=Autobiography of a Yogi |publisher=[[Self-Realization Fellowship]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-87612-083-4 |edition=13th}}
* {{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=God Talks With Arjuna – The Bhagavad Gita |year=1995 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=978-0-87612-030-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=Journey to Self-Realization, Discovering the Gifts of the Soul|year=1997 |publisher= Self-Realization Fellowship|location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=978-0-87612-255-6}}
* {{cite book |last= Zaleski|first=Philip|title=The 100 Best Spiritual Books of the Century|year=1984 |publisher=HarperCollins|location= San Francisco |url=http://www.librarything.com/bookaward/HarperCollins+100+Best+Spiritual+Books+of+the+Century }}
{{Refend}}

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