View source for Dog meat

{{Short description|Meat from dogs used as food}}
{{About|the human consumption of dogs|meat eaten by dogs|dog food|the video game character|Dogmeat (Fallout)}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Nutritionalvalue|image=Dog Meat.jpg|caption=Various cuts of dog meat for sale at a market in [[South Korea]]|water=60.1 g|opt2n=[[Dietary ash|Ash]]|opt2v=0.8 g|kJ=1096|protein=19 g|fat=20.2 g|carbs=0.1 g|fiber=0 g | sodium_mg=72|calcium_mg=8|phosphorus_mg=168|iron_mg=2.8|potassium_mg =270|cholesterol=44.4 mg|vitA_ug = 3.6|thiamin_mg=0.12| riboflavin_mg=0.18|vitC_mg=3|niacin_mg=1.9|source=Yong-Geun Ann (1999)<ref>Ann Yong-Geun [http://wolf.ok.ac.kr/~annyg/report/r2.htm "Dog Meat Foods in Korea"] {{Webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20071007160723/http://wolf.ok.ac.kr/~annyg/report/r2.htm |date=7 October 2007 }}, Bosintang (in 100 g, raw meat), ''Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition'' 12(4) 397 – 408 (1999).</ref>}}
'''Dog meat''', also known as '''fragrant meat''' or simply '''fragrant''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=fragrant meat |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095832598 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=fragrant meat |date=2024-09-27 |work=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fragrant_meat |access-date=2024-10-13 |language=en}}</ref> is the [[meat]] derived from [[dog]]s. Historically human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schwabe |first=Calvin W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiBntk9jGmoC |title=Unmentionable cuisine |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-8139-1162-5 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=SiBntk9jGmoC&pg=PA168 168]}}</ref>

In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed to a limited extent in [[Cambodia]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-25 |title=Dog-meat Business Survives Despite Opposition |url=https://cambodianess.com/article/dog-meat-business-survives-despite-opposition |website=Cambodianess}}</ref> [[China]],<ref name="Wingfield-Hayes222">{{Cite news |last=Rupert Wingfield-Hayes |date=29 June 2002 |title=China's taste for the exotic |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/2074073.stm |access-date=15 May 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[India]],<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-06-05 |title=HC orders quashing of ban on dog meat in Nagaland |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/hc-orders-quashing-of-ban-on-dog-meat-in-nagaland/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Nagaland Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Indonesia]], [[Ghana]], [[Laos]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-09 |title=Dog Meat Trade a Serious Business in Vientiane |url=https://laotiantimes.com/2020/09/09/dog-meat-trade-a-serious-business-in-vientiane/ |website=The Laotian Times}}</ref> [[Nigeria]],<ref name="BBCNigeria2">{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |date=6 March 2007 |title=Dog's dinners prove popular in Nigeria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6419041.stm |access-date=6 March 2006 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[South Korea]],<ref name="안용근1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/commons/util/ndslOriginalView.do?cn=JAKO199911920137949&dbt=JAKO&koi=KISTI1.1003%2FJNL.JAKO199911920137949|title=알림}}</ref><ref name=Podberscek2009>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01616.x |url=http://www.animalsandsociety.org/assets/265_podberscek.pdf#page=8&search=nationwide |title=Good to Pet and Eat: The Keeping and Consuming of Dogs and in South Korea |last=Podberscek|first=Anthony L. |journal=Journal of Social Issues |volume=65 |issue=3 |year=2009 |page=622|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719054520/http://www.animalsandsociety.org/assets/265_podberscek.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-19 }}</ref> [[Switzerland]],<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2014 |title=Not Just for Christmas: Swiss Urged to Stop Eating Cats and Dogs |url=https://www.newsweek.com/not-just-christmas-swiss-urged-stop-eating-cats-and-dogs-287378 |website=[[Newsweek]] |quote=Hundreds of thousands of people in Switzerland eat cat and dog meat, particularly at Christmas, according to a Swiss animal rights group seeking to ban the practice.}}</ref> and [[Vietnam]].<ref name="BBCNews2001222">{{Cite news |date=31 December 2001 |title=Vietnam's dog meat tradition |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1735647.stm |access-date=15 May 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  In these areas, the legality of dog meat consumption varies with some nations permitting it or lacking a nationwide ban. It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs were eaten each year by humans.<ref name="Cz2">{{Cite journal |last=Czajkowski |first=Claire |year=2014 |title=Dog meat trade in South Korea: A report on the current state of the trade and efforts to eliminate it |url=https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/23690-21-czajkowskipdf |url-status=live |journal=Animal Law Review |volume=21 |pages=29–64 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109155347/https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/23690-21-czajkowskipdf |archive-date=9 January 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>{{needs update|date=June 2025}}

Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional, ritualistic, or day-to-day [[cuisine]], and other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a [[Food taboo|taboo]], even where it had been consumed in the past. Opinions also vary drastically across different regions within different countries.<ref name="Times19402">{{Cite magazine |date=25 November 1940 |title=Dachshunds Are Tenderer |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884181,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016212115/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884181,00.html |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=20 January 2008 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref name="Mawson2">{{Cite book |last=Mawson |first=Douglas |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/6137/6137-h/6137-h.htm#2HCH0013 |title=The Home of the Blizzard |year=1914}}</ref>

== Historical practices ==
=== Mesoamerica ===
{{excerpt|Dogs in Mesoamerica|Dogs as food}}

==== Aztecs ====
In the [[Aztec Empire]], [[Mexican hairless dog]]s were bred for many purposes.<ref name="About THE XOLOITZCUINTLE" /> [[Hernán Cortés]], an enemy of the Aztec, claimed in a letter that when he arrived in [[Tenochtitlan]] in 1519, "small gelded dogs which they breed for eating" were among the goods sold in the city markets.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cortés |first1=Hernan |title=Letters from Mexico |last2=trans. [[Anthony Pagden]] |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-300-03799-9 |location=New Haven}}</ref> No other source corroborates this practice. These dogs, ''[[Xoloitzcuintle]]s'', were often depicted in [[pre-Columbian]] Mexican pottery. The breed was almost extinct in the 1940s, but the British military attaché in Mexico City, Norman Wright, developed a thriving breed from some of the dogs he found in remote villages.<ref name=":7">{{Cite magazine |date=28 January 1957 |title=Hairless Dogs Revived |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K1QEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA93 |access-date=7 August 2010 |magazine=[[Life (magazine)|Life]] |page=93}}</ref> The genetic heritage of the breed has been almost erased through interbreeding with other dog breeds to keep its looks alive.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flaim |first=Denise |date=July 23, 2020 |title=Xoloitzcuintli History: From Death to Resurrection |url=https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/xoloitzcuintli-history-behind-the-breed/ |website=American Kennel Club}}</ref>

=== Native North Americans ===
The traditional culture surrounding the consumption of dog meat varied from [[tribe]] to tribe among the original inhabitants of North America, with some tribes relishing it as a [[delicacy]], and others (such as the [[Comanche]]) treating it as a forbidden food.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 1911 |title=The great Chiefs |url=http://www.nativeradio.com/jworley/column4.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318032701/http://www.nativeradio.com/jworley/column4.cfm |archive-date=18 March 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012 |publisher=Native Radio}}</ref> Native peoples of the [[Great Plains]], such as the [[Sioux]] and [[Cheyenne]], consumed it, but there was a concurrent religious [[taboo]] against the meat of wild canines.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060925225102/http://www.westonaprice.org/traditional_diets/native_americans.html Guts and Grease: The Diet of Native Americans] (archived from [http://www.westonaprice.org/traditional_diets/native_americans.html the original] on 25 September 2006)</ref>

The [[Kickapoo people]] include puppy meat in many of their traditional festivals.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QxlElGfSlvQC&pg=PA339 The Mexican Kickapoo Indians] Felipe A. Latorre and Dolores L. Latorre (1976).</ref> This practice has been well documented in the [[Works Progress Administration]] "Indian Pioneer History Project for Oklahoma".<ref>[https://digital.libraries.ou.edu/cdm/ref/collection/indianpp/id/7256 WPA Indian Pioneer History Project for Oklahoma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729223751/https://digital.libraries.ou.edu/cdm/ref/collection/indianpp/id/7256 |date=29 July 2020 }} Ed Cooley (29 July 1937)</ref><ref>[https://digital.libraries.ou.edu/cdm/ref/collection/indianpp/id/7330 WPA Indian Pioneer History Project for Oklahoma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730052144/https://digital.libraries.ou.edu/cdm/ref/collection/indianpp/id/7330 |date=30 July 2020 }} Albert Couch (12 October 1937)</ref>

On 20 December 2018, the federal [[Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act of 2018|Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act]] was signed into law as part of the [[2018 United States farm bill|2018 Farm Bill]]. It bans slaughtering dogs and cats for food in the United States, with exceptions for Native American rituals.<ref>{{Citation |last=Taube |first=David |title=US House members agree to ban slaughter of dogs and cats for human consumption |date=2018-09-12 |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/us-house-members-agree-to-ban-slaughter-of-dogs-and-cats-for-human-consumption/23107908 |access-date=2020-12-11 |publisher=[[WDSU]]}}</ref>

=== Europe ===
[[Ovid]], [[Plutarch]], [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]], and other Latin authors, describe the sacrifice of puppies (''catulina'') to infernal deities, and for protection against grain-rust, the meat being subsequently prepared and consumed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Poultney |first=J. W. |url=https://archive.org/details/bronzetablesofig00poul/page/n19/mode/2up |title=Bronze Tables of Iguvium |year=1959 |page=177}}</ref>

=== Austronesia ===
{{See also|Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia#Canis lupus familiaris (dog)}}

====Indigenous Taiwanese====
The [[Indigenous Taiwanese]] originally had [[taboo]]s against eating dogs, which featured prominently in their cultural myths. The indigenous [[Taiwan Dog]] was deeply valued as a hunting companion. However, they also started consuming dog meat after it was introduced by incoming [[waishengren]] (mainlander) [[Han Chinese]] migrants in the mid-20th century, leading to the near-extinction of the Taiwan Dog.<ref name="Wright">{{Cite web |last=Wright |first=Nick |date=2020 |title=Taiwan Indigenous people and Animals |url=https://journal.ndhu.edu.tw/taiwan-indigenous-people-and-animals/ |access-date=20 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="Cook">{{Cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Chris |title=The Routledge Companion to World History Since 1914 |last2=Stevenson |first2=Johm |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge. |isbn=0415345847 |location=New York |page=376}}</ref>

====Maritime Southeast Asia====
Domesticated dogs were carried into the Philippines by the [[Neolithic]] [[Austronesian expansion|Austronesian migrations]] from [[Indigenous Taiwanese|Taiwan]], whose dogs in turn were acquired from the pre-Austronesian cultures in [[Neolithic China|Neolithic southeastern China]]. Dog meat were consumed in some pre-colonial Philippine ethnic groups during certain [[babaylan|shamanic]] rituals and special occasions. However, dog bones are very rarely found in [[midden]]s in archaeological sites, in contrast to pig and deer remains; and most complete dog remains in archaeological sites are of dog burials near or beside human graves. This indicates that while dogs were sometimes eaten, they were primarily kept as companions and hunting dogs, and not as food animals. The Spanish historian [[Francisco Ignacio Alcina]] have detailed descriptions of the affectionate treatment of dogs by native [[Visayans]] in the 17th century, during the early [[Spanish colonial period of the Philippines|Spanish colonial period]]. Alcina disapprovingly records that dogs were treated by locals like their own children. Thus, the rise in the consumption of [[#Philippines|dog meat as food in the secular context]] in some ethnic groups in the Philippines is likely to have only occurred some time after the arrival of the Spanish.<ref name="Ochoa">{{Cite journal |last=Ochoa |first=Janine Therese |date=2005 |title=In dogged pursuit: A reassessment of the dog's domestication and social incorporation |journal=Hukay |volume=8 |pages=37–66}}</ref><ref name="Agoot" /><ref name="Alfonso">{{Cite book |last=Alfonso |first=Ian Christopher B. |title=Dogs in Philippine History |date=2023 |publisher=Philippine Historical Association, Project Saysay Inc., and Alaya Publishing |isbn=9789719224549}}</ref>

The tradition of eating dog meat for ritual purposes in some ethnic groups survived into the modern times in the Cordillera highlands of the Philippines. Among [[Igorot people|Cordillerans]], dogs are sacrificed and eaten in a cleansing ritual known as ''dao-es'' or ''daw-es''. The ritual is typically done after a person dies unexpectedly (through murder or an accident), gets severely ill, was released from prison, or witnessed death firsthand. Cordillerans believe that dogs have one of the purest souls among animals, comparable to humans, and thus they are the most appealing to the ancestor spirits (''[[anito]]''). The dog soul is sent as a messenger to the spirit world by a shaman (''[[mambunong]]''), which is believed to cleanse the minds of participants of images of death and evil spirits.<ref name="Agoot">{{Cite news |last=Agoot |first=Liza |date=1 November 2018 |title=Daw-es: Igorots' cleansing ritual for dead, living |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1052457 |access-date=11 January 2024 |work=Philippine News Agency}}</ref><ref name="Ngalob" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Alimondo |first=Lauren |date=22 October 2019 |title=Elders hold cleansing ritual in Poyopoy |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/elders-hold-cleansing-ritual-in-poyopoy |access-date=11 January 2024 |work=SunStar}}</ref><ref name=regan/> These rituals are still legally permitted, though they are required to keep records and are overseen by the Committee on Animal Welfare.<ref name="4paws" />

====Oceania====
[[File:Hawaiian natives wearing kihei, with animals, sketch by Louis Choris.jpg|thumb|Extinct [[Hawaiian Poi Dog]] (center)]]
Dogs lost their economic importance as hunting animals (usually for wild boar) among Austronesians that reached the smaller islands in [[Island Melanesia|Melanesia]] and [[Polynesia]]. They became a competitor for limited food resources and thus were themselves eaten. The Austronesian domesticated dogs originally carried by the [[Lapita Culture]] migrations were eaten to extinction in many islands since ancient times. Dogs were reintroduced later on from surviving populations in other islands as well as dogs that descended from non-Austronesian [[Mainland Southeast Asia]]n populations. This caused a marked discontinuity in the genes of domesticated dogs, as well as the terms for dogs, among Austronesians in the Pacific Islands, in comparison to other Austronesian regions in Island Southeast Asia.<ref name="Blust">{{Cite web |last1=Blust |first1=Robert |last2=Trussel |first2=Stephen |title=*asu₁ |url=https://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_a1.htm#24890 |access-date=20 March 2024 |website=Austronesian Comparative Dictionary}}</ref><ref name="Greig">{{Cite journal |last1=Greig |first1=K. |last2=Gosling |first2=A. |last3=Collins |first3=C. J. |last4=Boocock |first4=J. |last5=McDonald |first5=K. |last6=Addison |first6=D. J. |last7=Allen |first7=M. S. |last8=David |first8=B. |last9=Gibbs |first9=M. |last10=Higham |first10=C. F. W. |last11=Liu |first11=F. |last12=McNiven |first12=I. J. |last13=O'Connor |first13=S. |last14=Tsang |first14=C. H. |last15=Walter |first15=R. |date=14 June 2018 |title=Complex history of dog (Canis familiaris) origins and translocations in the Pacific revealed by ancient mitogenomes |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=9130 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.9130G |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-27363-8 |pmc=6002536 |pmid=29904060 |hdl-access=free |last16=Matisoo-Smith |first16=E. |hdl=1885/265530}}</ref>

Dogs were historically eaten in [[Tahiti]] and other islands of [[Polynesia]], including Hawaii<ref name="Titcomb 1969" /><ref name="Ellis 1839" /> at the time of first European contact. [[James Cook]], when first visiting Tahiti in 1769, recorded in his journal, "few were there of us but what allow'd that a South Sea Dog was next to an English Lamb, one thing in their favour is that they live entirely upon Vegetables".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mumford |first=David |author-link=David Mumford |url=https://archive.org/details/explorationsofca00cook_0 |title=The Explorations of Captain James Cook in the Pacific |publisher=Dover Publications |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-486-22766-5 |location=New York |url-access=registration}}</ref> Calvin Schwabe reported in 1979 that dog was widely eaten in Hawaii and considered to be of higher quality than pork or chicken. When Hawaiians first encountered early British and American explorers, they were at a loss to explain the visitors' attitudes about dog meat. The Hawaiians raised both dogs and pigs as pets and for food. They could not understand why their British and American visitors only found the pig suitable for consumption.{{Sfn|Schwabe|1979|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=SiBntk9jGmoC&pg=PA168 168]}} This practice seems to have died out, along with the native Hawaiian breed of dog, the unique [[Hawaiian Poi Dog]], which was primarily used for this purpose.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frederic Wood-Jones |date=February 1931 |title=The Cranial Characters of the Hawaiian Dog |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=39–41 |doi=10.2307/1373802 |jstor=1373802}}</ref>

Although Hawaii has outlawed commercial sales of dog meat, until the federal [[Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act of 2018|Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act]] it was legal to slaughter an animal classified as a pet if it was "bred for human consumption" and done in a "humane" manner. This allowed dog meat trade to continue, mostly using stray, lost, or stolen dogs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Bill Before Congress: Claim—Hawaii Allows 'horrific legal market' in Dog Meat |url=http://www.hawaiifreepress.com/ArticlesMain/tabid/56/ID/20214/Bill-Before-Congress-Claim-Hawaii-Allows-horrific-legal-market-in-Dog-Meat.aspx |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=Hawaii Free Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2014 |title=Bill would make eating your pet illegal in Hawaii |url=https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/25169422/bill-would-make-eating-your-pet-illegal-in-hawaii/ |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=[[Hawaii News Now]]}}</ref>

== Religious dietary laws ==
According to [[kashrut]], Jewish dietary law, it is forbidden to consume the flesh of terrestrial mammals that do not chew their cud and have cloven hooves, which includes dogs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Which Animals Are Kosher? |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/133726/jewish/Which-Animals-Are-Kosher.htm |website=Chabad}}</ref>

In [[Islamic dietary laws]], the consumption of the flesh of a dog, or any carnivorous animal, or any animal bearing fangs, claws, fingers or reptilian scales, is considered [[haram]] ("prohibited"),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kim |first=Hyung-Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeC3CzdYDusC&dq=dog+meat+haram&pg=PA97 |title=Reformist Muslims in Yagyakarta Village: The Islamic Transformation of Contemporary Socio-Religious Life |date=2007-03-01 |publisher=ANU E Press |isbn=978-1-920942-35-9 |language=en}}</ref> whereas the Maliki school deems it [[makruh]] ("disliked but not prohibited").<ref>Regenstein, J., Chaudry, M. and Regenstein, C. (2003), "The Kosher and Halal Food Laws". ''Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety'', 2: 111–127. doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2003.tb00018.x</ref>

== Dogs as survival food ==

=== Wars and famines ===
In most European countries, the consumption of dog meat is taboo. Exceptions occurred in times of scarcity, such as sieges or famines.

In Germany, dog meat has been eaten in every major crisis since at least the time of [[Frederick the Great]], and was commonly referred to as "blockade mutton".<ref name="Times19402"/>

During the 19th century westward movement in the United States, ''mountainmen'', [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], the [[U.S. Army]], as well as the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] during the [[American Civil War]]<ref>Sandburg, Carl (1970) p. 309, 312</ref> frequently had to sustain themselves on dog meat; the first to be consumed would be the horses, then the mules, and lastly the dogs.<ref>Barr (1836) p. 17</ref>

[[File:Grande Boucherie Canine a Paris (canular photographique).jpg|thumb|Photographic hoax showing the announced opening of a Great Dog Butchery, Paris, France, 1910]]

During the [[Siege of Paris (1870–1871)]], food shortages caused by the [[German Empire|German]] blockade of the city caused the citizens of Paris to turn to alternative sources for food, including dog meat. Dog meat was also reported as being sold by some butchers in Paris in 1910.<ref name="romi">{{Cite book |last=Romi |title=Histoire des festins insolites et de la goinfrerie |year=1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Boitani |first1=Luige |title=L'ABCdaire du chien |last2=Monique Bourdin |year=1997}}</ref>

In the early 20th century, high meat prices led to widespread consumption of horse and dog meat in Germany.<ref name="Times1907">{{Citation |title=Germany's dog meat market; Consumption of Canines and Horses Is on the Increase. |date=23 June 1907 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1907/06/23/106756317.pdf |access-date=20 January 2008}}, {{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3mZJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 |title=Monthly consular and trade reports, Volume 64, Issues 240–243. |year=1900 |publisher=United States. Bureau of Manufactures, Bureau of Foreign Commerce, Dept. of Commerce|access-date=29 September 2009 |author1=Bureau Of Manufactures, United States |author2=Bureau Of Foreign Commerce (1854–1903), United States |author3=Bureau Of Statistics, United States. Dept. of Commerce and Labor}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1900">{{Cite news |year=1900 |title=Use Horse and Dog Meat – Germans forced to that diet by high price of other meat |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/07/11/101061907.pdf |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1898">{{Cite news |year=1898 |title=American Food in Germany |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1898/12/04/102080346.pdf |work=The New York Times |quote=the German breeders&nbsp;... heightened the price to such an extent that horse, and even dog's meat, has become staple with the poorer classes in certain districts, and notably in the large cities}}</ref>

In the early 20th century in the United States, dog meat was consumed during times of meat shortage.<ref name="nytimes1904">{{Cite web |year=1904 |title=Miners eat horses and dogs |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/05/27/102575475.pdf |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

A few meat shops sold dog meat during the [[German occupation of Belgium during World War I|German occupation of Belgium in World War I]], when food was scarce.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 1916 |title=Meat Shops Closed As Belgians Go Hungry |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/07/23/104237514.pdf |website=The New York Times |quote=We found the meat shops all closed,&nbsp;... with three exceptions, namely; shops that have recently and openly sold dog meat.&nbsp;... The average price were 12 francs a kilo, bones and all, (about $1.30 a pound) and some meat that had been obtained by special exertions for the soup kitchens.}}</ref>

In the latter part of [[World War I]], dog meat was being eaten in [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] by the poorer classes because of famine conditions.<ref name="nytimes1918">[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/05/22/102703424.pdf "Fear of Famine Appals Austria; Charges of Cannibalism by Vienna Workmen Are Officially Hushed Up. People Jeer at the War. German Promises of Victory Flouted—Soldiers Beg for Bread and Long for Peace. Quarantine Against Bolshevism. Real Famine in the Country. Saxons Eat Camels and Dogs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808050007/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/05/22/102703424.pdf |date=8 August 2021 }}, ''The New York Times'', 22 May 1918</ref>

In Germany, the consumption of dog meat continued in the 1920s.<ref name="nytimes1923">{{Cite news |year=1923 |title=DOGS AS MEAT IN MUNICH; Butcher's Shop Hangs Sign Offering Either to Buy or Sell |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70917FA3F5D15738DDDAE0894DA415B838EF1D3&scp=5&sq=germans+dog+meat&st=p |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="nytime1925">{{Cite news |year=1925 |title=Germans Still Eat Dogs; Berlin Police Chief Issues Rules for Inspection of the Meat |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30616FD3E551B7A93C0A8178DD85F418285F9&scp=3&sq=germans+dog+meat&st=p |work=The New York Times}}</ref> In 1937, a meat inspection law targeted against [[trichinella]] was introduced for pigs, dogs, [[boar]]s, foxes, [[badger]]s, and other carnivores.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1937 |title=Fleischbeschaugesetz (Meat Inspection Law), § 1a |url=http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19370007&zoom=2&seite=00000453&x=16&y=9 |website=Reich Law Gazette |page=458 |volume=I}} then becoming § 1 para. 3, [http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19400007&zoom=2&seite=00001463&ues=0&x=8&y=8 RGBl. 1940 I p. 1463] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313182100/http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19400007&zoom=2&seite=00001463&ues=0&x=8&y=8 |date=13 March 2021 }} (in German)</ref>

During severe meat shortages coinciding with the [[Nazi Germany|German]] occupation from 1940 to 1945, sausages found to have been made of dog meat were confiscated by Nazi authorities in the Netherlands.<ref name="nytimes1940">{{Cite news |date=8 December 1940 |title=Netherlanders Seek Sunday Meat in Vain; Food Situation Becomes Acute as Nazis Seize Dog Sausage |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60A1FF8355A167A93CAA91789D95F448485F9&scp=2&sq=dog+meat&st=p |access-date=15 February 2014 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>

=== Expeditions and emergencies ===
Travelers sometimes have to eat their accompanying dogs to survive when stranded without other food. For example, [[Benedict Allen]] ate his dog when lost in the Brazilian rainforest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2011 |title=Benedict Allen: my greatest mistake |url=http://www.theguardian.com/money/2011/oct/07/benedict-allen-my-greatest-mistake |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A case in Canada was reported in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 November 2013 |title=Marco Lavoie, Stranded Hiker, 'Eats His Dog To Survive' |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/11/02/marco-lavoie-hiker-eats-d_n_4200180.html |access-date=19 April 2016 |work=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref>

==== Lewis and Clark ====
During the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] (1803–1806), [[Meriwether Lewis]] and the other members of the [[Corps of Discovery]] consumed dog meat, either from their own animals or supplied by Native American tribes, including the [[Paiute]]s and Wah-clel-lah Indians, a branch of the [[Watlata]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Back Through the Gorge, 1806 |url=http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2728 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929074416/http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2728 |archive-date=29 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012 |publisher=Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation}}</ref> the [[Clatsop]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecola |url=http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=362 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205052409/http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=362 |archive-date=5 February 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012 |publisher=Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation}}</ref> the [[Lakota people|Teton Sioux]] (Lakota),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Change of Heart |url=http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2927 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929200840/http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2927 |archive-date=29 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012 |publisher=Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation}}</ref> the [[Nez Perce tribe|Nez Perce Indians]] (who did not eat dog themselves<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lewis and Clark Through Nez Perce Eyes |url=http://www.lewis-clark.org/article/984 |access-date=14 October 2019 |website=lewis-clark.org}}</ref>),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lemhi Pass to Fort Clatsop |url=http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=3021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930183802/http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=3021 |archive-date=30 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012 |publisher=Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation}}</ref> and the [[Hidatsa]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=September 17, "Sinque Hole Camp" |url=http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2030 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930185551/http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2030 |archive-date=30 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012 |publisher=Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation}}</ref><!--still not sure which tribe introduced them to dog meat, maybe someone can find out--> Lewis and the members of the expedition ate dog meat, except [[William Clark (explorer)|William Clark]], who reportedly could not bring himself to eat dogs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2010 |title=Sex, Dog Meat, and the Lash: Odd Facts About Lewis and Clark |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/12/1204_031204_lewisclark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031217153436/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/12/1204_031204_lewisclark.html |archive-date=17 December 2003 |access-date=24 October 2012 |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=What Lewis and Clark Ate – The History Kitchen – PBS Food |url=https://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/what-lewis-and-clark-ate/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610225555/http://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/what-lewis-and-clark-ate/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 June 2013 |access-date=28 October 2018 |website=Pbs.org}}</ref><ref name="Clarkson2013">{{Cite book |last=Clarkson |first=Janet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOzYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA347 |title=Food History Almanac: Over 1,300 Years of World Culinary History, Culture, and Social Influence |date=24 December 2013 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=978-1-4422-2715-6 |pages=347–}}</ref>

==== Polar exploration ====
British explorer [[Ernest Shackleton]] and his [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]] became trapped, and ultimately killed their sled dogs for food.

Norwegian explorer [[Roald Amundsen]]'s party famously planned to eat their sled dogs, as well as to feed weaker dogs to other dogs, during their expedition to the South Pole. This allowed the party to carry less food, thus lightening the load, and ultimately helped Amundsen to win his race to the South Pole against [[Terra Nova Expedition|Robert Scott's expedition]], which used ponies.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bown |first=Stephen R. |title=The Last Viking: The Life of Roald Amundsen |date=2012 |publisher=Da Capo Press |pages=165–166}}</ref> When comparing sled dogs to ponies as draught animals, Amundsen noted:
<blockquote>
There is the obvious advantage that dog can be fed on dog. One can reduce one's pack little by little, slaughtering the feebler ones and feeding the chosen with them. In this way they get fresh meat. Our dogs lived on dog's flesh and [[pemmican]] the whole way, and this enabled them to do splendid work. And if we ourselves wanted a piece of fresh meat we could cut off a delicate little fillet; it tasted to us as good as the best beef. The dogs do not object at all; as long as they get their share they do not mind what part of their comrade's carcass it comes from. All that was left after one of these canine meals was the teeth of the victim – and if it had been a really hard day, these also disappeared.<ref name="southpole">{{Cite web |last=Amundsen |first=Roald |title=The South Pole |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext03/tsp1210h.htm#intro |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926120454/http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext03/tsp1210h.htm#intro |archive-date=26 September 2009 |access-date=19 October 2009}}</ref>
</blockquote>

[[Douglas Mawson]] and [[Xavier Mertz]] were part of the [[Far Eastern Party]], a three-man sledging team with [[Belgrave Edward Sutton Ninnis|Lieutenant B. E. S. Ninnis]], to survey King George V Land, Antarctica. On 14 December 1912 Ninnis fell through a snow-covered crevasse along with most of the party's rations, and was never seen again. Mawson and Mertz turned back immediately. They had one and a half weeks' food for themselves and nothing at all for the dogs. Their meagre provisions forced them to eat their remaining sled dogs on their {{convert|315|mi|km|adj=on}} return journey. Their meat was tough, stringy and without a vestige of fat. Each animal yielded very little, and the major part was fed to the surviving dogs, which ate the meat, skin and bones until nothing remained. The men also ate the dog's brains and livers. However, eating the liver of sled dogs produces the condition [[hypervitaminosis A]] because canines have a much higher tolerance for vitamin A than humans do. Mertz suffered a quick deterioration. He developed stomach pains and became incapacitated and incoherent. On 7 January 1913, Mertz died. Mawson continued alone, eventually making it back to camp alive.<ref name="Mawson2"/>

== Current laws ==
The slaughter, sale, purchase (including import), or consumption of dog meat is banned in some countries and legal in others, as listed in the table below and summed up in the map.{{Image frame|content={{Highlighted world map by country|projection=mercator|scale=44|
AR=#1f78b4|
AT=#1f78b4|
AU=#1f78b4|
CL=#1f78b4|
CN=#1f78b4|
CO=#1f78b4|
FR=#1f78b4|
DE=#1f78b4|
ML=#1f78b4|
KO=#1f78b4|
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PH=#1f78b4|
CH=#1f78b4|
TW=#1f78b4|
GB=#1f78b4|
US=#1f78b4}}|width=400|align=center|caption={{ChartColors|Categ20|1}} Restrictions in the entire territory on any of the following: selling, purchasing, or consuming dog meat, or slaughtering dogs. There are exceptions in the Philippines and US for traditional use.
{{ChartColors|Categ20_16|1}} No data or no such restrictions.}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Laws about dog meat intended for human consumption
!Country / Territory
!Slaughter and sale
!Consumption
!Purchase and import
|-
|{{Flagicon|Argentina}} Argentina
|
|{{N}}&nbsp;Consumption illegal<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2008 |title=¿Por qué no se puede comer carne de perro? |url=https://www.minutouno.com/sociedad/por-que-no-se-puede-comer-carne-perro-n74824 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=www.minutouno.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-07 |title=Código Alimentario Argentino. Capítulo VI |url=https://www.argentina.gob.ar/anmat/codigoalimentario |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Argentina.gob.ar |language=es |quote=Con la denominación genérica de carne, se entiende la parte comestible de los músculos de vacunos, bubalinos, porcinos, ovinos, caprinos, llamas, conejos domésticos, nutrias de criadero, pollos, pollas, gallos, gallinas, pavitos, pavitas, pavos, pavas, patos domésticos, gansos domésticos y codornices, declarados aptos para la alimentación humana por la inspección veterinaria oficial antes y después de la faena.}}</ref>
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Australia}} Australia
|{{N}}&nbsp;Slaughter and sale illegal<ref name="RSPCA Australia">{{Cite web |title=Is eating cats or dogs legal? – RSPCA Knowledgebase |url=https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/is-eating-cats-or-dogs-legal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102231809/https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/is-eating-cats-or-dogs-legal/ |archive-date=2 November 2019 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=[[RSPCA Australia]] |language=en-AU}}</ref>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref name="RSPCA Australia" /> except [[South Australia]] since 1953<ref>{{Citation |title=Summary Offences Act 1953 |url=https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/lz/c/a/summary%20offences%20act%201953.aspx |access-date=2021-10-14 |publisher=Office of Parliamentary Counsel |language=en-au |quote=A person who knowingly— (a) kills or otherwise processes a dog or cat for the purpose of human consumption; or (b) supplies to another person a dog or cat (whether alive or not), or meat from a dog or cat, for the purpose of human consumption; or (c) consumes meat from a dog or cat, is guilty of an offence. Maximum penalty: $1 250.}}</ref>
|
|-
|{{flagicon|Austria}} Austria
|{{N}}&nbsp;Slaughter illegal<ref>[http://ris1.bka.gv.at/Appl/findbgbl.aspx?name=entwurf&format=html&docid=COO_2026_100_2_72288 BGBl. Nr. 118/2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031223930/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2004_I_118/BGBLA_2004_I_118.html |date=31 October 2022 }}: „Es ist verboten, Hunde oder Katzen zur Gewinnung von Nahrung oder anderen Produkten zu töten"; See also: [http://www.parlament.gv.at/PG/DE/XXII/I/I_00446/pmh.shtml 446 BlgNr XXII. GP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713235130/http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/LrW/LRWI_L005_050/LRWI_L005_050.html |date=13 July 2009 }}.</ref>
|
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Brazil}} Brazil
|{{N}}&nbsp;Slaughter and sale are illegal with harsher laws in specific states<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cachorro, gato, cutia? Saiba que animais podem ser comidos no Brasil |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/meio-ambiente/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2016/10/26/cachorro-jacare-saiba-quais-animais-podem-ser-comidos-no-brasil.htm |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/cardapio-do-dia-carne-de-cachorro/2004929|title=Cardápio do dia: carne de cachorro|website=Jusbrasil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lei dos Crimes Ambientais |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/lei/1998/lei-9605-12-fevereiro-1998-365397-norma-pl.html |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=www2.camara.leg.br |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Canada}} Canada
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Slaughter and sale legal<ref>{{Cite news |last=King |first=Robin Levinson |date=2015-06-24 |title=Dog meat not explicitly illegal in Canada |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/06/24/dog-meat-not-explicitly-illegal-in-canada.html |access-date=2021-12-10 |work=The Toronto Star |language=en-CA |issn=0319-0781}}</ref>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref>{{Cite news |title=It's totally legal to eat cats and dogs in Canada |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/its-totally-legal-to-eat-cats-and-dogs-in-canada |access-date=2021-12-10 |work=nationalpost |language=en-CA}}</ref>
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Chile}} Chile
|{{N}}&nbsp;Commercial sale illegal<ref name="Lazcano-2022">{{Cite web |last=Lazcano |first=Carlos Montes y Patricio |date=2022-04-11 |title=En Chile se consume más carne de perro de los que se cree: ¿es legal su venta? |url=https://www.latercera.com/que-pasa/noticia/en-chile-se-consume-mas-carne-de-perro-de-los-que-se-cree-es-legal-su-venta/VEOMWPETZBB2TD7VMBA7HXSWKE/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=La Tercera}}</ref>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref name="Lazcano-2022" />
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Macau}} [[Macau]]
|{{N}}&nbsp;Commercial sale illegal
|{{N}}&nbsp;Consumption illegal<ref name="Imprensa Oficial – Lei n.º 4/2016">{{Cite web |title=Imprensa Oficial – Lei n.º 4/2016 |url=https://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2016/30/lei04.asp#4 |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=bo.io.gov.mo}}</ref>
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Colombia}} Colombia
|
|{{N}}&nbsp;Consumption illegal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-14 |title=Investigan a restaurante que estaría vendiendo carne de perro |url=https://www.rcnradio.com/colombia/investigan-restaurante-que-estaria-vendiendo-carne-de-perro |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=RCN Radio |language=es}}</ref>
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|China}} China
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Slaughter legal.<ref name="The Guardian-2020" />
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal, except [[Shenzhen]] and [[Zhuhai]] since 2020<ref name="The Guardian-2020">{{Cite web |date=2020-04-09 |title=China signals end to dog meat consumption by humans |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/09/china-signals-end-to-dog-meat-consumption-by-humans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409161719/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/09/china-signals-end-to-dog-meat-consumption-by-humans |archive-date=9 April 2020 |access-date=2021-11-18 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=深圳立法禁食狗肉: "现代人类文明的要求和体现"-观察者网 |url=https://m.guancha.cn/politics/2020_04_02_545140.shtml |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=m.guancha.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=深圳经济特区全面禁止食用野生动物条例 |url=http://amr.sz.gov.cn/xxgk/qt/ztlm/tjwmcx/zcwj/content/post_9370994.html |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=amr.sz.gov.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=sina_mobile |date=2020-04-16 |title=深圳珠海相继禁食猫狗肉 律师: 动物保护上了一个新台阶 |url=https://finance.sina.cn/china/gncj/2020-04-16/detail-iirczymi6658787.d.html |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=finance.sina.cn}}</ref>
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} France
|{{N}}&nbsp;Slaughter and sale illegal<ref name="Franceinfo-2014">{{Cite web |date=2014-11-30 |title=Ai-je le droit de manger mon chat ? (Et mon chien ?) |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/animaux/ai-je-le-droit-de-manger-mon-chat-et-mon-chien_754709.html |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref name="Franceinfo-2014" />
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} Germany
|{{N}}&nbsp;Production and sale illegal since 1986<ref>In force since May 2010: § Abs. 1a der Tierische Lebensmittel-Hygieneverordnung (Tier-LMHV): „Es ist verboten, Fleisch von Hunden, Katzen, anderen hundeartigen und katzenartigen Tieren (Caniden und Feliden) sowie von Affen zum Zwecke des menschlichen Verzehrs zu gewinnen oder in den Verkehr zu bringen", eingefügt durch die ''Erste Verordnung zur Änderung von Vorschriften zur Durchführung des gemeinschaftlichen Lebensmittelhygienerechts'' vom 11. Mai 2010 (BGBl 2010n I S. 612);

Previously, see §&nbsp;1 Abs. 1 Satz 4 des Fleischhygienegesetzes in der Fassung von 2004 (BGBl 2004n I S. 934). This law can be traced back to the ''Gesetz zur Änderung des Fleischbeschaugesetzes'' vom 13. April 1986 (BGBl 1986n I S. 398): „Fleisch von Affen, Hunden und Katzen darf zum Genuss für Menschen nicht gewonnen werden"; see more at: [http://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/10/044/1004410.pdf BT-Drs. 10/4410] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112001730/http://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/10/044/1004410.pdf |date=12 November 2020 }} (PDF; 517&nbsp;kB).</ref>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-23 |title=Darf man in Deutschland Hundefleisch essen? |url=https://wamiz.de/hund/ratgeber/9154/hundefleisch-in-deutschland-verkauf-und-import-verboten-verzehr-erlaubt |access-date=2021-11-18 |website=wamiz.de |language=de-DE}}</ref>
|{{N}}&nbsp;Import illegal<ref>Lebensmitteleinfuhr-Verordnung (LMEV). Previously, see §&nbsp;15 of ''Fleischhygienegesetz in der Fassung von 1991 (BGBl 1991n I S. 118).'' Also, [http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19330004&zoom=2&seite=00000579&ues=0&x=9&y=6 Verordnung, betreffend die Einfuhr von Fleisch von Bären, Katzen, Füchsen, Dächsen und anderen fleischfressenden Tieren, die Träger von Trichinen sein können] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022222352/https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19330004&zoom=2&seite=00000579&ues=0&x=9&y=6 |date=22 October 2021 }}, of 10 August 1933 (RGBl. I S. 579), later §&nbsp;12 of Fleischbeschaugesetz (FlBG) (see [http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19400004&seite=00001465&zoom=2 RGBl. 1940 I S. 1465] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022223347/https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19400004&seite=00001465&zoom=2 |date=22 October 2021 }}.)</ref>
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} India
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Sale legal<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Sucheta |date=2023-06-08 |title="Dog meat consumption is an ancient Naga custom": Gauhati High Court sets aside ban on sale of dog meat |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2023/06/08/gauhati-high-court-dog-meat-consumption-naga-custom-sets-aside-ban-commercial-sale-nagaland-legal-news/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=SCC Blog |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12"/>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref name=":02"/><ref name=":12"/>
|{{N}}&nbsp;Import illegal unless with special certificate issued by Animal Quarantine and Certification Services (AQCS): This department is under the Department of Animal Husbandry.
|-
|{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} Hong Kong
| {{N}}&nbsp;All slaughter and sale is unlawful since 1950<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dogs and Cats Ordinance (Cap. 167) |url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap167 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930073206/https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap167 |archive-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
|{{N}}&nbsp;Consumption illegal since 1950
|{{Y}} Import requires a permit<ref>{{Cite web |title=Import of Animal Carcasses and Animal Products |url=https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/quarantine/qua_ie/qua_ie_ipab/qua_ie_ipab_iap/qua_ie_ipab_iap.html |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.afcd.gov.hk |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagicon|Kazakhstan}} Kazakhstan
|
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal, ban announced in {{As of|2021|October|lc=y|bare=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=В Казахстане запретят употреблять в пищу мясо домашних питомцев {{!}} Kazakhstan Today |url=https://www.kt.kz/rus/society/v_kazahstane_mogut_zapretit_upotreblyat_v_pischu_myaso_1377922687.html |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=www.kt.kz |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-08 |title=Употреблять в пищу кошек и собак запретят в Казахстане |url=https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/upotreblyat-v-pischu-koshek-i-sobak-zapretyat-v-kazahstane-450687/ |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=tengrinews.kz |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-08 |title=Употреблять в пищу кошек и собак запретят в Казахстане |url=https://www.nur.kz/society/1936121-upotreblyat-v-pischu-koshek-i-sobak-zapretyat-v-kazahstane/? |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=www.nur.kz |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2021 |title=Residents of Kazakhstan will be punished for eating dogs and cats – News |url=https://newsreadonline.com/residents-of-kazakhstan-will-be-punished-for-eating-dogs-and-cats/ |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=newsreadonline.com |archive-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008115515/https://newsreadonline.com/residents-of-kazakhstan-will-be-punished-for-eating-dogs-and-cats/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{Flagicon|Mali}} Mali
|{{N}}&nbsp;Slaughter illegal since 2012<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-26 |title=Au Mali, le trafic de viande de chien, un business qui prospère chez les plus démunis |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2021/02/26/au-mali-le-trafic-de-viande-de-chien-un-business-qui-prospere-chez-les-plus-demunis_6071309_3212.html |access-date=2021-12-10 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
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|{{Flagicon|Mexico}} Mexico
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|{{N}}&nbsp;Consumption illegal<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2015 |title=Carne de perro no es para consumo humano en México |url=https://www.elimparcial.com/sonora/hermosillo/Carne-de-perro-no-es-para-consumo-humano-en-Mexico-20150408-0053.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207075619/https://www.elimparcial.com/sonora/hermosillo/Carne-de-perro-no-es-para-consumo-humano-en-Mexico-20150408-0053.html |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=2021-12-07 |website=El Imparcial |language=es}}</ref>
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|{{Flagicon|North Korea}} North Korea
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Slaughter and sale legal<ref name="dailynk.com">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-04 |title=The winners and losers of S. Pyongan Province's dog meat cooking competition |url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/winners-losers-south-pyongan-province-dog-meat-cooking-competition/}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news |date=2020-07-14 |title=N. Korea is buying up dogs to supply restaurants in Pyongyang |url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/north-korea-buying-up-dogs-supply-restaurants-pyongyang/}}</ref>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref name="dailynk.com" />
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|{{Flagicon|Philippines}} Philippines
|{{N}}&nbsp;Slaughter illegal since 1998. Indigenous religious rituals are exempt.<ref>Republic Act No. 8485, known as the Animal Welfare Act, with exemptions for dogs killed and eaten as part of indigenous rituals.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Animal Welfare Act 1998 |url=https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC019221/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628234125/http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC019221 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |website=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |quote=The killing of any animal other than cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, poultry, rabbits, carabaos, horses, deer and crocodiles is likewise hereby declared unlawful except in the following instances: (1) When it is done as part of the religious rituals of an established religion or sect or a ritual required by tribal or ethnic custom of indigenous cultural communities; however, leaders shall keep records in cooperation with the Committee on Animal Welfare;}}</ref> Sale, transfer, or distribution for human consumption illegal since 2007.<ref name="pawsra9842" /><ref name="dar 1">{{Cite book |url=https://paws.org.ph/downloads/26.DA%20AC%20NO.1%20NPOA%20DOG%20MEAT%20TRADE%20LOCKED.pdf |title=National Plan of Action to Eliminate the Trade of Dogs for Meat: Campaign and Enforcement of Laws in the Philippines |publisher=Department of Agriculture, Republic of the Philippines}}</ref>
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Russia
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|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-14 |title=Дай, друг, на завтрак лапу мне. Собакоеды и другие любители экзотической кухни |url=https://life.ru/p/946134 |access-date=2021-10-13 |website=Life.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
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|{{Flagicon|Rwanda}} Rwanda
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Sale legal<ref name="Jabo">{{Cite web |last=Jabo |first=Kerry |title=It is Not Illegal to Sell or Buy Dog Meat – RIB |url=https://www.chronicles.rw/2020/08/05/it-is-not-illegal-to-sell-or-buy-dog-meat-rib/ |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=THE CHRONICLES |language=en-GB}}</ref>
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|{{Y}}&nbsp;Purchase legal<ref name="Jabo" />
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|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} South Korea
|{{N}}&nbsp;Slaughter and sale illegal from 2027 after a three-year grace period<ref name="SK Ban">{{Cite web |date=9 Jan 2024 |title=South Korea passes bill to ban consumption of dog meat |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-koreas-parliament-expected-pass-bill-ban-dog-meat-trade-2024-01-09/ |access-date=9 Jan 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
|{{N}}&nbsp;Consumption illegal from 2027 after a three-year grace period<ref name="SK Ban" />
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|{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} Switzerland
|{{N}}&nbsp;Commercial slaughter illegal.<ref name="Art">[http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/817_022_108/a2.html Art.&nbsp;2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502103246/http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/817_022_108/a2.html |date=2 May 2013 }} ''Verordnung des [[Eidgenössisches Departement des Innern|EDI]] über Lebensmittel tierischer Herkunft vom 23. November 2005''. [http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/as/2005/6043.pdf AS 2005 6043] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060518151132/http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/as/2005/6043.pdf |date=18 May 2006 }} (PDF) = [http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c817_022_108.html SR 817.022.108] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107095100/http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c817_022_108.html |date=7 January 2013 }}; contains a list of animal species allowed for commercial food production.

Previously, Art. 121 ''[https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19981860/200407010000/817.02.pdf Lebensmittelverordnung (LMV)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024133155/https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19981860/200407010000/817.02.pdf |date=24 October 2020 }} vom 1. März 1995''. – See also the ruling of [[Federal courts of Switzerland|Schweizerisches Bundesgericht]] of 24 September 1913, [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/dfr/pdf/c1039407.pdf BGE 39 I 407] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929195528/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/dfr/pdf/c1039407.pdf |date=29 September 2021 }} ''(Kassationsbeschwerde gegen ein Urteil des Amtsgerichts Bucheggberg-Kriegstetten).'' This ruling confirmed Art. 24 of the ''Bundesrätliche Verordnung über das Schlachten, die Fleischschau und den Verkehr mit Fleisch und Fleischwaren'' of 29 January 1909: „Der Verkehr mit Hunde- und Katzenfleisch und mit daraus hergestellten Waren ist verboten".</ref> {{Y}}&nbsp;Slaughter for own use legal<ref>[http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/817_0/a2.html Art. 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113114811/http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/817_0/a2.html |date=13 November 2012 }} Abs. 4 lit. a Lebensmittelgesetz: "''Das Gesetz gilt nicht: für Lebensmittel und Gebrauchsgegenstände, die für den Eigengebrauch bestimmt sind."''</ref>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-12 |title=In Taiwan verboten, in der Schweiz erlaubt: Wir dürfen als einzige Europäer Hund und Katze verspeisen |url=https://www.blick.ch/schweiz/in-taiwan-verboten-in-der-schweiz-erlaubt-wir-duerfen-als-einzige-europaeer-hund-und-katze-verspeisen-id6521207.html |access-date=2021-11-18 |website=Blick |language=de-CH}}</ref>
|{{N}}&nbsp;Import illegal<ref name="Art" />
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|{{Flagicon|Taiwan}} Taiwan
|{{N}}&nbsp;Slaughter and sale illegal since 1998<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-12 |title=Eating Dogs Banned in Taiwan—A First in Asia |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/taiwan-dog-cat-meat-animal-welfare-china-korea |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328193158/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/taiwan-dog-cat-meat-animal-welfare-china-korea |archive-date=28 March 2021 |access-date=2021-10-13 |website=Culture |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Serenitie Wang-2017">{{Cite web |last=Serenitie Wang |date=12 April 2017 |title=Taiwan bans eating dog and cat meat |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/04/12/asia/taiwan-bans-eating-dog-and-cat-meat/index.html |access-date=2021-10-13 |website=CNN}}</ref>
|{{N}}&nbsp;Consumption illegal since 2017<ref name="Serenitie Wang-2017" />
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|{{Flagicon|UK}} United Kingdom
|{{N}}&nbsp;Sale illegal<ref>{{Citation |last1=Ares |first1=Elena |title=Consumption of dog meat in the UK |date=2021-10-14 |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cdp-2019-0045/ |language=en-GB |last2=Sutherland |first2=Nikki}}</ref>
|{{Y}}&nbsp;Consumption legal<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dog Meat (Consumption) (Offences) Bill – Parliamentary Bills – UK Parliament |url=https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/2353/news |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=bills.parliament.uk |language=en}}</ref>
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|{{Flagicon|US}} United States
|{{N}}&nbsp;Slaughter and sale have been illegal since 2018.<ref name="Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act of 2018">[[Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act of 2018]] ([https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/6720 H.R. 6720] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028170728/https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/6720 |date=28 October 2021 }})</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anapol |first=Avery |date=2018-09-12 |title=House passes bill outlawing the eating of cats and dogs |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/406366-house-passes-bill-outlawing-the-eating-of-cats-and-dogs |access-date=2021-10-13 |website=The Hill |language=en}}</ref> Native Americans performing religious ceremonies are exempt. Before 2018, it was banned in six states.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Analysis {{!}} Congress doesn't want you to eat your dog or cat |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/04/24/congress-doesnt-want-you-to-eat-your-dog-or-cat/ |access-date=2021-10-13 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
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|{{N}} Import illegal
|}

== Modern practices ==
=== Africa ===

==== Cameroon ====
Dogs are eaten by [[Vame language|Vame]] people for certain religious rituals.<ref>Eric Thys & Olivier Nyssens ''Préparation et commercialisation de la viande canine chez les Vamé Mbrémé population animiste des monts Mandara.'' in "Tropical Animal Production for the Benefit of Man. Antwerp, 1982, pp. 511–517.</ref>

==== Democratic Republic of the Congo ====
In 2011 it was reported that, due to high prices on other types of meat, the consumption of dog meat is common despite a longstanding taboo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2011 |title=Dog meat back on menu in Democratic Republic of Congo |url=http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/dog-meat-back-menu-democratic-republic-congo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912183301/http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/dog-meat-back-menu-democratic-republic-congo |archive-date=12 September 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref>

==== Ghana ====
The [[Tallensi]], the Akyims, the Kokis, and the Yaakuma, one of many cultures of Ghana, consider dog meat a delicacy. The [[Mamprusi people|Mamprusi]] people generally avoid dog meat, and it is eaten in a "courtship stew" provided by a king to his royal lineage. Two Tribes in Ghana, [[Frafra people|Frafra]] and [[Dagaaba]] are particularly known to be "tribal playmates" and consumption of dog meat is the common bond between the two tribes. Every year around September, games are organised between these two tribes and the Dog Head is the trophy at stake for the winning tribe.<ref name="simoons1994p229">{{Cite book |last=Simoons |first=Frederick J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwGZTQunH00C |title=Eat not this flesh: food avoidances from prehistory to the present |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-299-14254-4 |edition=2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JwGZTQunH00C&pg=PA229 229]}}</ref>

It was reported in 2017 that increasing demand for dog meat (due to the belief it gives more energy) has led politician [[Anthony Karbo]] to propose dog meat factories in three northern regions of Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2017 |title=I still stand by my dog meat factory in Ghana -Hon Karbo |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpQCk001nPw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/EpQCk001nPw |archive-date=2021-12-21 |website=[[TV3 Ghana]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2017 |title=Dog Meat Factory Proposed in Ghana |url=https://www.idausa.org/campaign/dog-meat/latest-news/dog-meat-factory-proposed-in-ghana/ |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=[[In Defense of Animals]] |language=en}}</ref>

==== Nigeria ====
Dogs are eaten by various groups in some states of Nigeria, including Ondo State, Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Plateau, Kalaba, Taraba and Gombe of Nigeria.<ref name=simoons1994p229/><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2013 |title=Evaluation of dog slaughter and consumption practices related to the control of rabies in Nigeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237051232}}</ref> They are believed to have medicinal powers. The meat is believed to improve one's sex life, provide immunity from diseases and poisoning, and offer protection from [[juju]] (charms).<ref name="BBCNigeria2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Volk |first=Willy |date=7 March 2007 |title="Man bites dog": Dining on dog meat in Nigeria |url=http://www.gadling.com/2007/03/07/man-bites-dog-dining-on-dog-meat-in-nigeria/ |publisher=Gadling}}</ref>

In late 2014, the fear of contracting the [[Ebola]] virus disease from [[bushmeat]] led at least one major Nigerian newspaper to imply that eating dog meat was a healthy alternative.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shobayo |first=Isaac |title=Ebola: Jos residents shun bush meat, stick to dog meat |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arewa/item/13955-ebola-jos-residents-shun-bush-meat-stick-to-dog-meat/13955-ebola-jos-residents-shun-bush-meat-stick-to-dog-meat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222003501/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arewa/item/13955-ebola-jos-residents-shun-bush-meat-stick-to-dog-meat/13955-ebola-jos-residents-shun-bush-meat-stick-to-dog-meat |archive-date=22 December 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref> That paper documented a thriving trade in dog meat and slow sales of even well smoked bushmeat.

=== Americas ===

==== Canada ====
It is legal to eat dog meat in Canada. According to a writer for the ''[[National Post]]'', this is because it is not necessary to prevent people from eating dogs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=1 October 2021 |title=It's totally legal to eat cats and dogs in Canada |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/its-totally-legal-to-eat-cats-and-dogs-in-canada |work=[[National Post]]}}</ref> While it is technically legal to serve dog meat in a restaurant in Canada if it has been inspected, it may not be possible to actually do so.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2003 |title=Dog meat legal, health inspector says |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/dog-meat-legal-health-inspector-says-1.408407 |work=cbc.ca}}</ref> In 2003, uninspected frozen canine meat was found at a Chinese restaurant named "Panda Garden" in [[Edmonton, Alberta]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 November 2003 |title=Ready-to-cook canines at Edmonton restaurant |url=https://www.cbc.ca/stories/2003/11/05/Consumers/dog_restaurant2031105 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040610165929/https://www.cbc.ca/stories/2003/11/05/Consumers/dog_restaurant2031105 |archive-date=10 June 2004 |work=cbc.ca}}</ref> Provincial authorities determine if an animal species can be approved for slaughter; which would require dogs to be classified as a "food animal" and for individual animals to not be raised as pets. No license has ever been granted for this purpose. There is also no recognized way to import dog meat into the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levinson |first=Robin |title=Dog meat not explicitly illegal in Canada |url=https://www.ourwindsor.ca/news/dog-meat-not-explicitly-illegal-in-canada/article_5cbe7be7-ba96-5e2c-9dca-5d30b5b60698.html? |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=OurWindsor|date=24 June 2015 }}</ref>

==== United States ====
In December 2018, Donald Trump signed the [[Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act of 2018]] into law. Previously, the dog and cat meat trade was legal in 44 states.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=Associated Press |date=2018-12-21 |title=President Trump signs the Farm Bill making dog and cat meat illegal in the United States |url=https://www.wrdw.com/content/news/President-Trump-Signs-the-Farm-Bill-Making-Dog-and-Cat-Meat-Illegal-in-the-United-States-503308841.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=wrdw.com |language=en}}</ref>

In July 2023, congresspeople [[Vern Buchanan]] and [[Jared Moskowitz]] introduced a resolution that would call for banning dog and cat meat globally.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-20 |title=Buchanan, Moskowitz Introduce Global Dog and Cat Meat Trade Resolution |url=https://buchanan.house.gov/2023/7/buchanan-moskowitz-introduce-global-dog-and-cat-meat-trade-resolution |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Congressman Vern Buchanan |language=en}}</ref>

=== Asia/Pacific ===

==== Cambodia ====
Animal welfare NGO [[Four Paws]] estimates that 2–3&nbsp;million dogs are slaughtered annually for their meat in Cambodia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 11, 2019 |title='It's a sin': Cambodia's brutal and shadowy dog meat trade |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1791924/its-a-sin-cambodias-brutal-and-shadowy-dog-meat-trade |access-date=2020-02-22 |work=[[Bangkok Post]]}}</ref> According to a market research study in 2019 on the dog meat trade in Cambodia, overall a total of 53.6% of respondents indicated that they have eaten dog meat at some time in their lives (72.4% of males and 34.8% of females).<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2020 |title=The Dog and Cat Meat Trade in Southeast Asia: A Threat to Animals and People Harvard Kennedy School |url=https://media.4-paws.org/8/0/0/3/80039a8956751c7b9bf934c35993858592182db3/FOURPAWS_Big_DCMT_Report_GB.pdf |publisher=Four Paws |page=21}}</ref> A new campaign began in 2020 to end dog meat consumption.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 8, 2020 |title=Cambodian tourist province bans 'alarming' dog meat trade |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1947980/cambodian-tourist-province-bans-alarming-dog-meat-trade |access-date=2021-02-11 |work=Bangkok Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 6, 2020 |title=Cambodian butcher quits dog meat trade, shuts slaughterhouse |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/cambodian-butcher-quits-dog-meat-trade-shuts-slaughterhouse/2020/08/06/604c948c-d845-11ea-a788-2ce86ce81129_story.html |access-date=2021-02-11 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 8, 2020 |title=Dog meat: First Cambodian province bans sale and consumption |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53334854 |access-date=2021-02-11 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Popular Cambodian travel destination bans dog meat trade |url=https://www.dw.com/en/popular-cambodian-travel-destination-bans-dog-meat-trade/a-54096667 |access-date=2021-02-11 |work=[[DW News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 27, 2020 |title=Cambodia cools on dog meat as COVID puts Asia on disease alert |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Asia-Insight/Cambodia-cools-on-dog-meat-as-COVID-puts-Asia-on-disease-alert |access-date=2021-02-11 |work=[[The Nikkei]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-24 |script-title=ja:消費は韓国人? 世界遺産を擁するシェムリアップが犬肉を禁じたワケ |url=https://www.koreaworldtimes.com/topics/news/8711/ |access-date=2021-04-04 |work=KoreaWorldTimes |language=ja}}</ref>

==== Hong Kong ====
In Hong Kong, the ''Dogs and Cats Ordinance'' was introduced by the British Hong Kong Government on 6 January 1950.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 1950 |title=Dogs and cats ordinance |url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/CurEngOrd/A1D0F30B6DF3561C88256489000BA485?OpenDocument |access-date=19 November 2009 |publisher=[[Department of Justice (Hong Kong)]]}}</ref> It prohibits the slaughter of any dog or cat for use as food by fine and imprisonment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 1997 |title=Slaughter of dog or cat for food prohibited |url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/44771ba5f3213c8e88256489000ba799?OpenDocument |access-date=1 December 2006 |publisher=[[Department of Justice (Hong Kong)]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 1997 |title=Slaughter of dog or cat for food – Penalty |url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/4047f3da4a9d11a588256489000ba79a?OpenDocument |access-date=1 December 2006 |publisher=[[Department of Justice (Hong Kong)]]}}</ref> In February 1998, a [[Hong Konger]] was sentenced to one month imprisonment and a fine of two thousand HK dollars for hunting street dogs for food.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2006 |title=First Case Imprisonment in HK for Dog Meal |url=http://ks.cn.yahoo.com/question/?qid=1306052905861 |access-date=23 December 2006}}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Four local men were sentenced to 30 days imprisonment in December 2006 for having slaughtered two dogs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Jonathan |date=23 December 2006 |title=Dog-for-food butchers jailed (DUBIOUS first case) |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_print.asp?art_id=34791&sid=11480561 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015122304/http://thestandard.com.hk/news_print.asp?art_id=34791&sid=11480561 |archive-date=15 October 2007 |access-date=10 January 2007 |publisher=The Standard – China's Business Newspaper}}</ref>

==== India ====
Consumption of dog meat is seen in [[Northeast India]] in the states of [[Mizoram]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2004 |title=Dog meat, a delicacy in Mizoram |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/20/stories/2004122003042000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235315/http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/20/stories/2004122003042000.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=13 December 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> [[Nagaland]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tribal Naga Dog meat delicacy |url=http://www.demotix.com/news/302632/tribal-naga-dog-meat-delicacy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106181038/http://www.demotix.com/news/302632/tribal-naga-dog-meat-delicacy |archive-date=6 January 2012 |access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref> [[Manipur]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 July 2012 |title=Manipur – a slice of Switzerland in India |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-19/travel/29716885_1_loktak-lake-keibul-lamjao-national-park-moreh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103194708/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-19/travel/29716885_1_loktak-lake-keibul-lamjao-national-park-moreh |archive-date=3 January 2013 |access-date=25 August 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> [[Meghalaya]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vijay |date=2016-10-30 |title=Mumbai activist blows whistle on dog meat trade in Shillong |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-activist-blows-whistle-on-dog-meat-trade-in-shillong/articleshow/55136513.cms |access-date=2023-09-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Tripura]], and [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref name="Humane Society International-2020-22">{{Cite news |date=2020-07-03 |title=India's Nagaland state announces an end to its brutal dog meat trade, sparing 30,000 dogs a year |url=https://www.hsi.org/news-media/india-nagaland-ends-dog-meat-trade/ |access-date=2020-12-11 |work=Humane Society International |language=en-US}}</ref> It is rare and usually consumed amongst tribal [[Tibeto-Burman]] tribal communities.

In 2016, animal rights activist [[Maneka Gandhi]], then [[Ministry of Women and Child Development (India)|Minister of Women and Child Development]] of India, raised a nation-wide petition to stop dog meat sale and consumption, specifically targeting Nagaland and Mizoram.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2016 |title=Centre ought to end illegal trade and consumption of dog meat: Maneka Gandhi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2016/oct/27/centre-ought-to-end-illegal-trade-and-consumption-of-dog-meat-maneka-gandhi-1532511.html |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The issue caught public attention when she posted on Twitter on 30 June 2022 a photograph of dog trade in Nagaland, commenting: "This is illegal according to the laws of India and it cannot be allowed under the guise of culture."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gandhi |first=Maneka |date=30 Jun 2020 |title=People For Animals India |url=https://twitter.com/pfaindia/status/1277886966772555776 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agarwala |first=Tora |date=2020-07-03 |title=Nagaland Cabinet bans sale of dog meat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/nagaland/nagaland-cabinet-bans-sale-of-dog-meat-6488869/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In [[Nagaland]], pet lovers had launched a campaign to end Nagaland's dog meat trade.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2020 |title=Pet lovers in Nagaland campaign against animal cruelty |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/pet-lovers-in-nagaland-campaign-against-animal-cruelty/ |access-date=2020-07-03 |website=easternmirrornagaland.com}}</ref> Following Gandhi's remarks, the [[Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organisations]] (FIAPO) formally requested the [[Government of Nagaland]] to ban the consumption and trading of dog meat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-04 |title=Nagaland dog meat: Animal rights groups hail ban as 'major turning point' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53288214 |access-date=2023-09-07 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 3 July 2020, the Nagaland cabinet meeting passed the legislation for banning the sale and consumption of dog meat in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=Nagaland bans sale, consumption of dog meat in state; import and trading of dogs deemed illegal as well |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/nagaland-bans-sale-consumption-of-dog-meat-in-state-import-and-trading-of-dogs-deemed-illegal-as-well-8555981.html |access-date=2020-07-03 |website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=Nagaland Cabinet bans sale of dog meat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/nagaland/nagaland-cabinet-bans-sale-of-dog-meat-6488869/ |access-date=2020-07-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The regulation was enacted the next day when the Chief Secretary of Nagaland, Temjen Toy, issued an order banning dog markets, the commercial import and trading of dogs, and commercial sale of dog meat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-23 |title=Why the Gauhati HC quashed Nagaland govt's notification banning dog meat's sale and trade |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/gauhati-hc-quash-nagaland-govts-notification-ban-dog-meat-sale-trade-8654029/ |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-29 |title=Nagaland ban on dog-meat trade stayed by HC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nagaland-ban-on-dog-meat-trade-stayed-by-hc/articleshow/79470170.cms |access-date=2023-09-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In November 2020, dog meat traders challenged the Nagaland's legislation at the Nagaland High Court under the case file ''Neizevolie Kuotsu Alias Toni Kuotsu and ors v. State of Nagaland and ors''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madiha |first=T. |date=2020-12-01 |title=Nagaland HC: Revokes ban order on selling of Dog meat in the state |url=https://lawtimesjournal.in/nagaland-hc-revokes-ban-order-on-selling-of-dogmeat-in-the-state/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Law Times Journal |language=en-us}}</ref> The legislation was momentarily withheld but without final decision.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Gauhati high court quashes Nagaland government's ban on sale of dog meat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/gauhati-hc-quashes-nagaland-govt-s-ban-on-commercial-import-trading-of-dogs-and-dog-meat-in-restaurants-101686030825325.html |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, the case was put up at the [[Gauhati High Court]] Kohima Bench, in which Justice Marli Vankung made a verdict on 2 June nullifying the government's legislation.<ref name=":32">{{Cite news |last=The Hindu Bureau |date=2023-06-06 |title=Gauhati High Court quashes Nagaland government's ban on dog meat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gauhati-high-court-quashes-nagaland-governments-ban-on-dog-meat/article66937215.ece |access-date=2023-09-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=Gauhati High Court sets aside Nagaland government's order banning sale, import of dog meat |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/gauhati-high-court-sets-aside-nagaland-governments-order-banning-sale-import-of-dog-meat/cid/1943179 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> The judgement reads: "The prohibition of sale and consumption of dog meat, by the Executive branch of the Government, without there being any law passed by the legislature in relation to trade and consumption of dog meat is liable thus to be set aside, even though it was passed in accordance with a Cabinet decision."<ref name=":02"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2023 |title=Gauhati High Court quashes ban on sale of dog meat in Nagaland |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/gauhati-high-court-quashes-ban-dog-meat-sale-nagaland-2389892-2023-06-07 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The judgement further stated that the Chief Secretary is not an authority to make such legal matters,<ref name=":32" /> and that selling and eating dog meat does not violate any law in India,<ref name=":42" /> and the practice is "an accepted norm and food among people of Nagaland."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=Gauhati high court quashes Nagaland ban on dog meat, says it remains accepted norm in state |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kohima/gauhati-high-court-quashes-nagaland-ban-on-dog-meat-trade/articleshow/100803018.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Front |first=Assam |date=2023-06-07 |title=Gauhati High Court Overturns Nagaland's Ban on Dog Meat, Cites Cultural Norms |url=https://assamfront.com/northeast/gauhati-high-court-overturns-nagalands-ban-on-dog-meat-cites-cultural-norms/4674/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Assam Front |language=en-US}}</ref>

In Mizoram, dog meat is freely sold and eaten.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purkayastha |first=Samir K. |date=2008-12-20 |title=Dog meat not a palatable issue |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/dog-meat-not-a-palatable-issue/cid/519744 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-24 |title=Mizoram government faces flak for dog meat ban |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/mizoram-government-faces-flak-for-dog-meat-ban/articleshow/101232084.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> According to the Mizoram Animal Slaughter Act 2013, dogs are classified alongside cattle as animals allowed for slaughter, meat trade and consumption.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karmakar |first=Sumir |date=2020-03-25 |title=Mizoram stops dog slaughter after coronavirus pandemic |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/mizoram-stops-dog-slaughter-after-coronavirus-pandemic-817350.html |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The State Animal Welfare Board of the [[Government of Mizoram]] had challenged this classification. On 4 March 2020, the Mizoram State Assembly passed the Mizoram Animal Slaughter (Amendment) Bill, 2020, which removed dogs from animals permitted to be killed for meat.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bikash |date=2020-03-05 |title=Dog isn't cattle: Mizoram assembly clears animal slaughter (amendment) bill, 2020 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dog-isnt-cattle-mizoram-assembly-clears-animal-slaughter-amendment-bill-2020/articleshow/74485661.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-07 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Manoj |date=2020-03-25 |title=Mizoram removes dogs from category of animals allowed for slaughter |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/250320/mizoram-removes-dogs-from-category-of-animals-allowed-for-slaughter.html |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> The news was taken as prohibition of slaughter of dogs in the state,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mizoram passes Bill against dog meat trade |url=https://www.pennews.net/mizoram/2020/03/27/mizoram-passes-bill-against-dog-meat-trade |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703220457/https://www.pennews.net/mizoram/2020/03/27/mizoram-passes-bill-against-dog-meat-trade |archive-date=3 July 2020 |access-date=2020-07-03 |website=pennews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bikash |date=2020-03-25 |title=Mizoram has taken the first step towards ending its dog meat trade: Humane Society International |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mizoram-has-taken-the-first-step-towards-ending-its-dog-meat-trade-humane-society-international/articleshow/74801165.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-07 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> but is not the case as it merely implied lack of legislation on dog meat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-30 |title=Ui talh leh ui sa zawrh tihrêm tumnaa dan tlawhchhanah ui talh khap a ni lo |trans-title=Dog slaughter not illegal under dog meat and trade regulations |url=https://vanglaini.org/tualchhung |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Vanglaini |language=Mizo}}</ref> In 2023, there were pressures from pet lovers to enforce the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Dog Breeding and Marketing) Rule 2017 that would ban dog meat sale, but were received with stern criticisms from the public.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-24 |title=Debate erupts as Mizoram considers prohibition of dog meat trade |url=http://nenow.in/north-east-news/mizoram/debate-erupts-as-mizoram-considers-prohibition-of-dog-meat-trade.html |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=NORTHEAST NOW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":22" />

In Meghalaya, killing of stray or domesticated dogs is a punishable offence since 2021. On 9 September 2021, the Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Department of the Government of Meghalaya issued an order that prohibited slaughter of dogs for any purpose.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-11 |title=Meghalaya Govt Bans Killing and Slaughtering Of Dogs For Meat In The State – Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/meghalaya-news/meghalaya-govt-bans-killing-and-slaughtering-of-dogs-for-meat-in-the-state-554376 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref>

==== Indonesia ====
[[File:Rintek Wuuk 3.jpg|thumb|''Rintek wuuk'' (RW), a [[Manado cuisine|Manado]] dog meat dish from North Sulawesi]]

Indonesia is predominantly [[Muslim]], a faith which considers dog meat, along with pork, to be [[haram]] (ritually unclean).<ref name="buzzfeed">{{Citation |last=Shepherd |first=Jack |title=All About Indonesian Dog Meat |date=20 April 2012 |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/expresident/all-about-indonesian-dog-meat |publisher=[[BuzzFeed]]}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' has reported that in spite of this, dog meat consumption has been growing in popularity among Muslims and other ethnic groups in the country due to its cheap price and purported health or medicinal benefits.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cochrane |first=Joe |date=25 March 2017 |title=Indonesians' Taste for Dog Meat Is Growing, Even as Others Shun It |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/25/world/asia/indonesia-dog-meat.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Although reliable data on the dog meat trade is scarce, various welfare groups estimate that at least 1 million dogs are killed every year to be eaten.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A taste for dog: Indonesia trade persists despite crackdown |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/taste-dog-indonesia-trade-persists-crackdown-191208051533275.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> On the resort island of Bali alone, between 60,000 and 70,000 dogs are slaughtered and eaten a year, in spite of lingering concerns about the spread of rabies following an outbreak of the disease there a few years ago, according to the Bali Animal Welfare Association.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2017 |title=Appetite for dog meat persists in Indon |url=https://www.echo.net.au/2017/04/appetite-dog-meat-persists-indon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808073910/https://www.echo.net.au/2017/04/appetite-dog-meat-persists-indon/ |archive-date=8 August 2017 |access-date=7 August 2017}}</ref> Marc Ching of the Animal Hope and Wellness Foundation claimed in 2017 that the treatment of dogs in Indonesia was the "most sadistic" out of anywhere they were killed for their meat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walden |first=Max |date=8 November 2017 |title=Deadly as well as disgusting? Dog meat targeted by activists in Indonesia |url=https://asiancorrespondent.com/2017/11/deadly-well-disgusting-dog-meat-targeted-activists-indonesia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222142243/https://asiancorrespondent.com/2017/11/deadly-well-disgusting-dog-meat-targeted-activists-indonesia/ |archive-date=2020-02-22 |access-date=2020-02-22 |website=[[Asian Correspondent]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> According to [[Rappler]] and ''[[The Independent]]'', the slaughter process for dogs in [[Tomohon]], [[Sulawesi]] resulted in some of them being blowtorched alive.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalton |first=Jane |date=2018-05-23 |title=Dogs and cats blowtorched alive and bludgeoned to death at Indonesian street markets |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/indonesia-dogs-cats-killed-blowtorch-alive-street-markets-cages-sulawesi-a8364011.html |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutierrez |first=Natashya |author-link=Natashya Gutierrez |date=September 30, 2015 |title=Clubbed to death, blowtorched: Indonesia's dog-eating culture |url=https://r3.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/107658-dog-eating-indonesia |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=Rappler |language=en}}</ref>

The consumption of dog meat is often associated with the [[Minahasa]] culture of [[North Sulawesi]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 March 2014 |title=Mercato shock in Indonesia, dai cani ai pitoni arrosto in vendita |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/fatti/esteri/2014/04/30/mercato-shock-indonesia-dai-cani-pitoni-arrosto-vendita_PkkHMOJKlZNu6ZDMzuSdRP.html |access-date=16 June 2015 |agency=adnkronos}}</ref> [[Maluku culture]], [[Toraja]] culture, various ethnic from [[East Nusa Tenggara]], and the [[Batak (Indonesia)|Batak]]s of northern Sumatra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minahasa |url=http://www.jai.or.id/jurnal/2004/sv/06gw_sv04.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010154634/http://www.jai.or.id/jurnal/2004/sv/06gw_sv04.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2007 |access-date=20 December 2006}}</ref> The code for restaurants or vendors selling dog meat is "RW", an abbreviation for ''rintek wuuk'' ([[Minahasan languages|Minahasan]] euphemism means "fine hair") or "B1" abbreviation for ''biang'' ([[Batak languages|Batak]] language for female dog or "bitch").

Popular Indonesian dog-meat dishes are Minahasan spicy meat dish called ''[[rica-rica]]''. Dog meat ''rica-rica'' specifically called ''rica-rica'' "RW" which stands for ''Rintek Wuuk'' in the Minahasan language, which means "fine hair" as a euphemism referring for fine hair found in roasted dog meat.<ref name="buzzfeed" /> It is cooked as ''Patong'' dish by Toraja people, and as ''[[Saksang]]'' "B1" (stands for ''Biang'' which means "dog" or "bitch" in Batak dialect) by Batak people of North Sumatra. On [[Java]], there are several dishes made from dog meat, such as ''sengsu'' (''[[tongseng]] asu''), [[Satay|''sate'']] ''jamu'' (lit. "medicinal satay"), and ''kambing balap'' (lit. "racing goat"). ''Asu'' is [[Javanese language|Javanese]] for "dog".

Dog consumption in Indonesia gained attention during the [[2012 United States Presidential election|2012 U.S. presidential election]] when incumbent [[Barack Obama]] was pointed out by his opponent to have eaten dog meat served by his Indonesian stepfather [[Lolo Soetoro]] when Obama was living in the country.<ref name="buzzfeed" /> Obama wrote about his experience of eating dog in his book ''[[Dreams of My Father]]'',<ref name="YouTube1">{{Cite web |date=14 August 2012 |title=Obama: When I Ate a Dog |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyD7pfYf7-c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/YyD7pfYf7-c |archive-date=2021-12-21 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and at the 2012 [[White House Correspondents' Dinner]] joked about eating dog.<ref name="YouTube2">{{Cite web |date=May 2012 |title=Obama Jokes About Eating Dog: "A Pitbull is Delicious" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iikaqAsCKno |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/iikaqAsCKno |archive-date=2021-12-21 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{Cite news |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=30 April 2012 |title=President Obama's humor goes to the 'dogs' during annual dinner |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/29/politics/white-house-correspondents-dinner/ |access-date=30 April 2016 |work=CNN Politics}}</ref>

According to Lyn White of [[Animals Australia]], the consumption of dog meat in Bali is not a long-held tradition. She said the meat first came from a Christian ethnic group coming to Bali, where a minority of the immigrants working in the hospitality industry have fuelled the trade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=James Thomas and Lesley Robinson |date=19 June 2017 |title=Evidence shows dogs in Bali are being brutally killed and the meat sold to unsuspecting tourists |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-19/evidence-shows-dogs-in-bali-brutally-killed-meat-sold-tourists/8620128 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]}}</ref>

In June 2017, an investigative report discovered that tourists in [[Bali]] are unknowingly eating dog meat sold by street vendors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rachel Hosie |date=19 June 2017 |title=Bali tourists are unknowingly eating dog meat, undercover investigation reveals |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/bali-tourists-eating-dog-meat-unknowingly-undercover-investigation-consumed-chicken-satay-a7797121.html |work=The Independent}}</ref>

==== Japan ====
Although the vast majority of Japanese do not eat dog meat, it has been reported that more than 100 outlets in the country have been selling it imported, mainly to foreign customers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2019 |title=Alliance launched to push for dog meat ban in Asia |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/04/12/19/alliance-launched-to-push-for-dog-meat-ban-in-asia |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2019 |title=Asia-based alliance to fight for dog meat ban |url=https://asiatimes.com/2019/04/asia-based-alliance-to-fight-for-dog-meat-ban/ |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=[[Asia Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In 675 AD, [[Emperor Tenmu]] decreed a prohibition on its consumption during the 4th through 9th months of the year. According to ''Meisan Shojiki Ōrai'' (名産諸色往来) published in 1760, the meat of wild dog was sold along with boar, [[venison|deer]], fox, [[Honshū wolf|wolf]], [[Bear hunting|bear]], [[raccoon dog]], [[otter]], [[Japanese weasel|weasel]] and [[Cat meat|cat]] in some regions of [[Edo]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanley |first=Susan B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f7E5a9CIploC&pg=PA66 |title=Everyday things in premodern Japan: the hidden legacy of material culture |publisher=University of California Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-520-21812-3 |page=66}}</ref>

==== Mainland China ====
{{Main|Dog Meat Festival}}
[[File:Dogs being butchered in Guangdong, China 1999.jpg|thumb|Dogs being butchered in Guangdong, China]]
[[File:Dog meat hotpot.JPG|thumb|A platter of cooked dog meat in [[Guilin]], China]]

Estimates for total dog killings in China range from 10 to 20 million dogs annually, for purposes of human consumption.<ref name="Hong Tuyet">{{Cite news |last=Hong Tuyet |date=24 December 2016 |title=47 dogs seized as police bust dog meat ring in southern Vietnam |url=http://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/47-dogs-seized-as-police-bust-dog-meat-ring-in-southern-vietnam-3518518.html |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=[[VnExpress]]}}</ref> However, estimates such as these are not official and are derived from extrapolating industry reports on meat tonnage to an estimate of dogs killed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nibert |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F6UxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120 |title=Animal oppression and capitalism |date=2017 |publisher=Abc-Clio |isbn=9781440850745 |page=120 |ref=animal-cap-china |access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref>

Consuming dog meat is legal in [[mainland China]] except for the city of Shenzhen,<ref name="The Guardian-2020" /> and the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture has never issued quarantine procedures for slaughtering dogs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=农业部关于印发《生猪屠宰检疫规程》等4个动物检疫规程的通知 |url=http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/tzgg/tz/201006/t20100606_1535917.htm |access-date=27 February 2017 |website=Ministry of Agriculture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |title=畜禽屠宰卫生检疫规范 |trans-title=Sanitary and Quarantine Specification for Livestock and Poultry Slaughtering |date=2001-09-03 |publisher=Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China |pages=3–4 |via=China Standard Press}}</ref>

The eating of dog meat in China dates back to around {{BCE|500}}, and possibly even earlier. It has been suggested that wolves in southern China may have been domesticated as a source of meat.<ref name="NYT2009">{{Cite news |last=Wade |first=Nicholas |date=7 September 2009 |title=In Taming Dogs, Humans May Have Sought a Meal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/08/science/08dogs.html |access-date=3 January 2012 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> [[Mencius]] (372–{{BCE|289}}) talked about dog meat as being an edible, dietary meat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Liang Shih-chiu]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UMZdQT_FyHAC&pg=PA144 |title=Ya she xiao pin xuan ji |publisher=Chinese University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-962-996-219-7 |page=144}} Translated by Ta-tsun Chen.</ref> It was reported in the early 2000s that the meat was thought to have medicinal properties, and had been popular in northern China during the winter, as it was believed to raise body temperature after consumption and promote warmth.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Simoons |first=Frederick J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C |title=Food in China: a cultural and historical inquiry |publisher=CRC Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-8493-8804-0 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C&pg=PA24 24], [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C&pg=PA38 38], [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C&pg=PA149 149], [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C&pg=PA305 305], [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C&pg=PA309 309–315], [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C&pg=PA317 317], [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C&pg=PA332 332]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2002 |title=Dog meat row hits HK chain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2172072.stm |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Historical records have shown how in times of food scarcities (as in wartime situations), dogs could also be eaten as an emergency food source.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wakabayashi |first=Bob Tadashi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N-vXRgEAPU0C |title=The Nanking atrocity, 1937–38: complicating the picture |publisher=Berghahn Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84545-180-6 |edition=illustrated |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=N-vXRgEAPU0C&pg=PA235 235]}}</ref>

In modern times, the extent of dog consumption in China varies by region. Generally, it is most prevalent in some of the southern provinces, especially in [[Guangdong|Canton]], Guangxi, [[Yunnan]], Sichuan, [[Hubei]] and [[Anhui]], as well as a few of the northern provinces such as [[Henan]], Shandong and [[Jilin]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many cats & dogs are eaten in Asia? AP 9.03 |url=http://www.animalpeoplenews.org/03/9/dogs.catseatenAsia903.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062225/http://www.animalpeoplenews.org/03/9/dogs.catseatenAsia903.html |archive-date=25 January 2012 |website=AnimalPeopleNews}}</ref> It was reportedly common in 2010 to find dog meat served in restaurants in Southern China, where dogs are reared on farms for consumption.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inside the cat and dog meat market in China |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/03/09/china.animals/ |work=CNN}}</ref> In 2012, Chinese [[netizen]]s and the Chinese police intercepted trucks transporting caged dogs to be slaughtered in localities such as [[Chongqing]] and [[Kunming]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tech-savvy citizen rescues 69 dogs from becoming dinner |url=http://now.msn.com/tech-savvy-citizen-rescues-500-dogs-from-becoming-dinner |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124075954/http://now.msn.com/tech-savvy-citizen-rescues-500-dogs-from-becoming-dinner |archive-date=24 November 2012 |access-date=26 April 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Dog on a stick.jpg|thumb|upright|Prepared and cooked dog ready for purchase]]
Since 2009,<ref name="O'Neil">{{Cite news |last=O'Neil, L. |date=22 June 2015 |title=Dog meat festival in China takes place despite massive online protest |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/trending/dog-meat-festival-in-china-takes-place-despite-massive-online-protest-1.3123266 |access-date=25 June 2015 |publisher=[[CBC News]]}}</ref> [[Yulin, Guangxi]], has held an annual [[Dog Meat Festival|festival of eating dog meat]] that is reportedly a celebration of the [[summer solstice]]. In 2014, the municipal government published a statement distancing itself from the festival, saying it was not a cultural tradition, but rather a commercial event held by restaurants and the public.<ref name="SMC" /> The festival in 2011 spanned 10 days, during which 15,000 dogs were consumed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=陝西榆林10天美食節 1萬5千隻狗慘遭下肚 &#124; 大陸新聞 &#124; NOWnews 今日新聞網 |url=http://www.nownews.com/2011/06/29/162-2723748.htm |access-date=30 June 2011 |publisher=Nownews.com}}</ref> Estimates of the number of dogs eaten in 2015 for the festival ranged from as high as 10,000<ref name="Independent2015">{{Cite news |last=Fullerton, J. |date=22 June 2015 |title=Yulin dog meat festival: Chinese city retains its appetite despite months of protests |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/yulin-dog-meat-festival-china-retains-appetite-despite-protests-10337679.html |access-date=1 July 2015 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref name="BBC2015">{{Cite web |date=22 June 2015 |title=China Yulin dog meat festival under way despite outrage |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-33220235 |access-date=24 June 2015 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> to lower than 1,000 amid growing pressure at home and abroad to end it.<ref name="truthabout" /><ref name="dyingfestival" /> Festival organizers state that only dogs bred specifically for consumption are used, while objectors say that some of the dogs purchased for slaughter and consumption are strays or stolen pets.<ref name="Independent2015b">{{Cite news |last=Fullerton, J. |date=17 June 2015 |title=Yulin Dog Meat Festival: Netizens rally in defence of event that will see 10,000 cats and dogs slaughtered |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/chinese-yulin-dog-meat-festival-activists-fight-back-in-support-of-event-which-will-see-10000-cats-and-dogs-slaughtered-10326736.htmll |access-date=1 July 2015 |work=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Peter J. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1236367513 |title=Animal Welfare in China: Crisis, Culture and Politics |publisher=Sydney University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-74332-471-4 |location=[S.l.] |pages=110 |oclc=1236367513}}</ref> Some of the dogs at the festival are alleged to have been burnt or boiled alive<ref name="Asiaone">{{Cite news |date=18 June 2015 |title=Celebrities join campaign to stop dog meat festival in China |url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/asia/celebrities-join-campaign-stop-dog-meat-festival-china |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622025237/http://news.asiaone.com/news/asia/celebrities-join-campaign-stop-dog-meat-festival-china |archive-date=22 June 2015 |access-date=21 June 2015 |work=[[AsiaOne]] |publisher=Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Co. |quote=Thousands of dogs are traded, killed, and then eaten in the home or on the street. Some of them are burnt or boiled alive.}}</ref> or beaten out of the belief that increased [[adrenaline]] circulating in the dog's body adds to the flavor of the meat.<ref name="Independent2015" /><ref name="Independent2015b" /> Other reports, however, state that there have been little evidence of those practices since 2015.<ref name="dyingfestival">{{Cite web |date=30 June 2015 |title=This Chinese dog-eating festival's days are numbered thanks to a massive social media campaign |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/dogs-were-saved-thanks-to-twitter-at-the-yulin-festival-2015-6 |access-date=14 February 2020 |website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref name="truthabout">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2018 |title=The truth about the Yulin dog meat festival – and how to stop it |url=https://www.animalsasia.org/us/media/news/news-archive/the-truth-about-the-yulin-dog-meat-festival-and-how-to-stop-it.html |access-date=14 February 2020 |website=Animals Asia Foundation}}</ref>

Prior to the 2014 festival, eight dogs (and their two cages) sold for 1,150 yuan ($185) and six puppies for 1,200 yuan.<ref name="china.org">{{Cite web |year=2014 |title=Activists protest dog-eating tradition |url=http://www.china.org.cn/environment/2014-06/20/content_32723067.htm |access-date=21 May 2015 |publisher=china.org.cn}}</ref> Prior to the 2015 festival, a protester bought 100 dogs for 7,000 yuan ($1,100; £710).<ref name="BBC2015" /> The animal rights NGO Best Volunteer Centre commented that the city had more than 100 slaughterhouses, processing between 30 and 100 dogs a day. The Yulin Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention states the city has only eight dog slaughterhouses selling approximately 200 dogs, and this increases to about 2,000 dogs during the Yulin festival.<ref name="Huifeng">{{Cite news |last=Huifeng, H. |year=2014 |title=Dog-eating festival loses its bite as animal rights activists step in |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1537990/yulin-festival-dog-meat-sales-down-activists-take-fight-tradition |access-date=21 May 2015 |work=South China Morning Post}}</ref> There have been several campaigns to stop the festival, with the first one reportedly having started among locals in China.<ref name="dyingfestival" /> In 2016, a petition calling for an end to the festival garnered 11 million signatures in the country.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Millions of Chinese Want the Yulin Dog Meat Festival to Stop |url=https://time.com/4363824/yulin-dog-meat-festival-china-petition/ |access-date=15 February 2020 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref> More than 3 million people have also signed petitions against it on [[Sina Weibo|Weibo]] (China's equivalent of Twitter).<ref name="Independent2015" /> Prior to the 2014 festival, doctors and nurses were ordered not to eat dog meat there, and local restaurants serving dog meat were ordered to cover the word "dog" on their signs and notices.<ref name="SMC">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2014 |title=Southwest China hospital staff ordered to stay away from 'dog meat festival' |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1530836/doctors-and-nurses-ordered-stay-away-dog-meat-restaurants-backlash-grows |access-date=2 July 2015 |publisher=South Morning China Post}}</ref> Reports in 2014 and 2016 have also suggested that the majority of Chinese on and offline disapprove of the festival.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 June 2016 |title=Dog meat festival begins in China |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-36583400 |access-date=15 February 2020 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaiman |first=Jonathan |date=23 June 2014 |title=Chinese dog-eating festival backlash grows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/23/chinese-dog-eating-festival-backlash-yulin-animal-rights |access-date=15 February 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Poll: Majority of Chinese public wants Yulin dog meat festival shut down : Humane Society International |url=http://hsi-old.pub30.convio.net/news/press_releases/2016/06/yulin-china-dog-meat-opinion-poll.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613085803/http://hsi-old.pub30.convio.net/news/press_releases/2016/06/yulin-china-dog-meat-opinion-poll.html |archive-date=13 June 2020 |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=hsi-old.pub30.convio.net}}</ref>

The movement against the consumption of cat and dog meat was given added impetus by the formation of the Chinese Companion Animal Protection Network (CCAPN). Having expanded to more than 40 member societies, CCAPN began organizing protests against eating dog and cat meat in 2006, starting in Guangzhou and continuing in more than ten other cities following a positive response from the public.<ref name="Guangzhou bans eating snakes--ban helps cats(Animal People)">{{Cite web |title=Guangzhou bans eating snakes—ban helps cats |url=http://www.animalpeoplenews.org/07/11/guangzhoubanseatingsnakes11_07.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304213111/http://www.animalpeoplenews.org/07/11/guangzhoubanseatingsnakes11_07.html |archive-date=4 March 2008 |access-date=16 February 2008}}</ref> Before the [[2008 Beijing Olympics]], officials ordered dog meat to be taken off the menu at its 112 official Olympic restaurants to avoid offending visitors from various nations where the consumption of dog meat is taboo.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7501768.stm China bans dog from Olympic menu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031223917/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7501768.stm |date=31 October 2022 }}, BBC News, 11 July 2008.</ref> In 2010, draft legislation was proposed to prohibit the consumption of dog meat.<ref name="xinhua">Li Xianzhi, 2010-01-27, [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-01/27/c_13153405.htm Eating cats, dogs could be outlawed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123031856/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-01/27/c_13153405.htm |date=23 November 2010 }}, [[Xinhua News Agency]]</ref> In 2010, the first draft proposal of it was introduced, with the rationale to protect animals from maltreatment. The legislation included a measure to jail people for up to 15 days for eating dog meat,<ref name="China to jail people for up to 15 days who eat dog (China Daily)">{{Cite news |title=China to jail people for up to 15 days who eat dog |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-01/26/content_9379689.htm |access-date=26 January 2010 |work=China Daily}}</ref> but there were few expectations for it to be enforced.<ref name="xinhua" />

=====Decline=====
As of the early 21st century, dog meat consumption in China is declining.<ref name="China2">{{Cite magazine |last=Rosen, E. |year=2014 |title=To eat dog, or not to eat dog |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/to-eat-dog-or-not-to-eat-dog/384107/ |access-date=20 May 2015 |magazine=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> In 2014, dog meat sales decreased by a third compared to 2013.<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news |last=Kaiman, J. |title=Chinese dog-eating festival backlash grows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/23/chinese-dog-eating-festival-backlash-yulin-animal-rights |access-date=21 May 2015 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> It was reported that in 2015, one of the most popular restaurants in Guangzhou serving dog meat was closed after the local government tightened regulations; the restaurant had served dog meat dishes since 1963. Other restaurants that served dog and cat meat in the Yuancun and Panyu districts also stopped serving these dishes in 2015.<ref name="China">{{Cite news |last=Sun, C. |year=2015 |title=Dog meat restaurant in Guangzhou closes amid 'falling demand' |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/1802147/dog-meat-restaurant-guangzhou-closes-amid-falling-demand |access-date=20 May 2015 |work=South China Morning Post}}</ref> 8.6 million Chinese in 2016 also voted online for proposed legislation to end the consumption of dog and cat meat, but the legislation was not taken forward.<ref name="truthabout" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Special Report: Almost 9 million Chinese back bill to end cat and dog meat eating |url=https://www.animalsasia.org/us/media/news/news-archive/special-report-almost-9-million-chinese-back-bill-to-end-cat-and-dog-meat-eating.html |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=animalsasia.org |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2020, Shenzhen became the first Chinese city to ban consumption and production of dog and cat meat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2020 |title=Chinese city bans the eating of cats and dogs |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52131940 |access-date=3 April 2020 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> This came as part of a wider clampdown on the wildlife trade which was thought to be linked to [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 outbreak]]. Citing examples of Hong Kong and Taiwan, the Shenzhen city government said, "Banning the consumption of dogs and cats and other pets is a common practice in developed countries&nbsp;... This ban also responds to the demand and spirit of human civilization".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2020 |title=China's Shenzhen bans the eating of cats and dogs after coronavirus |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-wildlife-idUSKBN21K0EW |access-date=3 April 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] |language=en}}</ref> The city of [[Zhuhai]] followed suit in the same month with a similar ban.<ref name="Humane Society International-2020">{{Cite web |date=2020-04-15 |title=Breaking: A second city in mainland China just banned eating of dogs, cats and wildlife in hoped for "domino effect" |url=https://www.hsi.org/news-media/zhuhai-second-city-china-banned-eating-dogs-cats-wildlife/ |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=Humane Society International |language=en-US}}</ref> These decisions were applauded by animal welfare groups such as [[Humane Society International]].<ref name="Humane Society International-2020" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-01 |title=Breaking: Shenzhen becomes mainland China's first city to ban eating of dogs, cats and wildlife in consumption and trade crackdown |url=https://www.hsi.org/news-media/shenzhen-chinas-first-to-ban-eating-of-dogs-cats-wildlife/ |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=Humane Society International |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the same month, the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture said it considers dogs as "companion animals", not as livestock.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pallotta |first=Nicole |date=May 20, 2020 |title=China Reclassifies Dogs from "Livestock" to "Companion Animals" |url=https://aldf.org/article/china-reclassifies-dogs-from-livestock-to-companion-animals/ |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=[[Animal Legal Defense Fund]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Standaert |first=Michael |date=9 April 2020 |title=China signals end to dog meat consumption by humans |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/09/china-signals-end-to-dog-meat-consumption-by-humans |access-date=26 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

==== Malaysia ====
The consumption of dog meat is legal in Malaysia. The issue was brought to light in 2013 after the Malaysian Independent Animal Rescue group received a report alleging that a restaurant in Kampung Melayu, [[Subang, Selangor|Subang]] had dogs caged and tortured before slaughtering them for their meat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not illegal in Malaysia to eat dog and cat meat |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/08/13/dog-cat-meat-legal/ |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=The Star|date=13 August 2013 }}</ref>

==== North Korea ====
'''Dangogi''' (단고기), or sweet meat, refers to dog meat that is traditionally consumed during the hottest days of the year in North Korea, as it is believed to provide stamina. In 2023, the primary consumption dates coincide with the "sambok," or three hottest days, which are July 17, July 27, and August 16.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-27 |title=Hot weather boosts dog meat consumption in North Korea |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/north-korea-dog-meat-soup-consumption-up-with-hot-summer-weather/ |website=CBS NEWS}}</ref>

A wall painting in the [[Goguryeo tombs]] complex in [[South Hwanghae Province|South Hwanghae]] province, a [[World Heritage Site]] which dates from the 4th century AD, depicts a slaughtered dog in a storehouse. The [[Balhae]] people also enjoyed dog meat, and the modern-day tradition of canine cuisine seems to have come from that era.<ref>[http://www.dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=720538 A Study of the favorite Foods of the Balhae People] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310042857/http://www.dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=720538|date=10 March 2012}} Yang Ouk-da</ref>

''[[Daily NK]]'' reported that in early 2010, the [[Government of North Korea|North Korean government]] included dog meat in its list of one hundred fixed prices, setting a fixed price of 500 [[North Korean won|won]] per kilogram.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2010 |title=Dailynk.com |url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&num=6006 |access-date=24 October 2012 |publisher=Dailynk.com}}</ref>

In September 2023, North Korea announced the construction of a luxury dog meat restaurant, the ‘Dog Meat Delicacy House,’ in Pyongyang. This initiative, approved by Kim Jong-un, is part of a state effort to promote "healthier eating."<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Hanlon |first=Tim |date=2023-03-02 |title=North Korea opens new luxury dog meat restaurant in 'healthy eating drive' |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/north-korea-opens-new-luxury-29350573 |website=mirror.co.uk}}</ref>

Dog meat is considered a national dish in North Korea, with numerous restaurants dedicated to it. Cooking contests that utilize all parts of the animal are also featured on state television.<ref name=":5" />

==== South Korea ====
{{Main|Dog meat consumption in South Korea}}
'''''Gaegogi''''' (개고기) literally means "dog meat" in Korean. The term itself is often mistaken as the term for [[Korean cuisine|Korean]] [[soup]] made from dog meat, which is actually called ''[[bosintang]]'' (보신탕; 補身湯, ''Body nourishing soup'') (sometimes spelled "bo-shintang").

Estimates of the number of animals consumed vary widely. The [[Humane Society International]] has estimated that 2 million<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2019 |title=Humane Society International |url=https://www.hsi.org/news-media/sk-dog-meat-farm-15-closure-us-release/ |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=Humane Society International}}</ref> or possibly more than 2.5&nbsp;million dogs are reared on "dog meat farms" in South Korea (though, this number includes puppy mills for the pet industry).<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2018 |title=Dog meat farmer in South Korea swaps pups for plants in animal charity's pioneering program to phase out the brutal trade |url=https://www.hsi.org/news-media/13th-dog-meat-farm-closed-100918/ |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=Humane Society International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2019 |title=HSI/Canada helps rescue 200 dogs from horrific South Korean dog meat farm |url=https://www.hsi.org/news-media/hsicanada-helps-rescue-200-021419/ |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=Humane Society International}}</ref> According to the [[Korea Animal Rights Advocates]] (KARA), approximately 780,000 to 1 million dogs are consumed per year in South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2017 |title=개고기는 法규제 자체가 없어 뭐가 얼마나 들었는지 모른다 |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/09/14/2017091400272.html |access-date=28 October 2018 |website=News.chosun.com}}</ref> However, these numbers have been critiqued as not being based on actual data and having no scientific basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2021 |title=[사실은] "한국에선 연간 100만 마리 개가 도축" 사실은? |trans-title="In Korea, 1 million dogs are slaughtered annually" Actually? |url=https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1006480378 |access-date=2023-02-02 |publisher=[[Seoul Broadcasting System]] |language=ko}}</ref>

Estimates of dog meat consumption is much lower when accounting for actual sales. In 2017 the Moran Market, which occupied 30–40% of dog meat market in the nation,<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2004 |title=개고기 값은 폭락하는데 보신탕값 그대로 |url=http://m.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20040623011003&cp=seoul |access-date=28 October 2018 |website=M.seoul.co.kr}}</ref> reported sales of about 20,000 dogs per year.<ref name="sports.khan.co.kr">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2017 |title='초복의 두얼굴' 성남 모란시장 앞에서 '동물위령제'...상인들은 거센 반발 |url=http://sports.khan.co.kr/bizlife/sk_index.html?art_id=201707121610003&sec_id=650101 |access-date=28 October 2018 |website=Sports.khan.co.kr}}</ref> Numbers have further declined from these 2017 estimates and all the major markets have shutdown, including Moran Market.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2021 |title=The nation's only Daegu Chilseong market was abolished... Politicians also stepped in |trans-title=The nation's only Daegu Chilseong market was abolished... Politicians also stepped in |url=https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2021012008590000943 |website=Hankook Ilbo |language=ko}}</ref> According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, approximately 200 dog farms have been reported to be operating; though, the supply to the dog meat market is unclear as these farms also supply the pet industry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2020 |title=[팩트체크] 보신탕용으로 키우는 '개 사육장', 불법 아닌가요? |trans-title=[Fact check] Isn't 'dog breeding grounds' raised for body soup illegal? |url=https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2020062215313373634 |website=Money Today |language=ko}}</ref>

In 2022, the [[Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (South Korea)|Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]] of South Korea published a first official report called "Edible dog breeding and distribution survey". According to the report, as of February 2022, 521,121 dogs are reared in 1,156 dog meat farms and 388,000 dogs are consumed in 1,666 restaurants per year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2022 |title=[단독] 개 농장에 52만 마리...국민 55.8% "식용 중단" |trans-title=[Exclusive] 520,000 dogs in a dog farm... 55.8% of the people "stop eating" |url=https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=5527822 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210033730/https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=5527822 |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |publisher=[[Korean Broadcasting System]]}}</ref>

Over the past 50 years, dog meat consumption has been declining as more people have been adopting dogs as pets. In a 2020 survey, 84% of the Korean population reported never having consumed dog meat nor having plans to ever do so.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 23, 2020 |title=식국민 84% "개고기 소비한 적 없고, 먹을 생각 없다" |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/animalpeople/human_animal/966976.html |journal=Hankyoreh News}}</ref>

The most popular dish is the soup "boshingtang", a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months. Eating hot soups during the summer is thought to ensure good health by balancing one's "[[qi]]", the believed vital energy of the body. Dog meat is believed by some to increase the body temperature, to induce sweating to keep one cool during the summer (the way of dealing with heat is called ''heal heat with heat'' (이열치열, 以熱治熱, ''i-yeol-chi-yeol'')). A 19th-century version of ''gaejang-guk'' explains the preparation of the dish by boiling dog meat with vegetables such as [[scallion|green onions]] and [[chili powder|chili pepper powder]]. Variations of the dish contain [[chicken (food)|chicken]] and [[bamboo shoot]]s.<ref>Pettid, Michael J., ''Korean Cuisine: An Illustrated History'', London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2008, 84–85.</ref>

The sale of dog meat is illegal, but slaughter and consumption is legal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Nov 9, 2021 |title=개고기: 개 식용 논란의 역사...이번에 정말 사라지게 될까? |trans-title=Dog Meat: The History of Dog Eating Controversies... Will It Come to an End This Time? |url=https://www.bbc.com/korean/news-59216831 |work=BBC News 코리아}}</ref> However, 'brutal' slaughters of any animals is prohibited by the Animal Protection Law (동물보호법), and some people were fined for slaughter of dogs by this law.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Feb 10, 2022 |title="고통·공포 주면 안돼"...220볼트 쇠꼬챙이 개 도살한 70대 벌금 |url=https://m.hani.co.kr/arti/area/capital/1030593.html#ace05Ky}}</ref> The sale is disallowed because South Korean Food Sanitary Law (식품위생법) does not include dog meat as a legal food ingredient. The [[Ministry of Food and Drug Safety]] recognizes any edible product other than drugs as food.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Rakhyun E. |year=2008 |title=Dog Meat in Korea: A Socio-Legal Challenge |url=http://208.109.169.73/journals/jo_pdf/lralvol14_2_201.pdf#page=2 |url-status=dead |journal=[[Animal Law Review]] |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=201–236 |ssrn=1325574 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704112343/http://208.109.169.73/journals/jo_pdf/lralvol14_2_201.pdf |archive-date=4 July 2011}}</ref> In the capital city of [[Seoul]], the sale of dog meat was outlawed by regulation on 21 February 1984, by classifying dog meat as "repugnant food" (혐오식품, 嫌惡食品, ''hyeom-o sigpum''), but the regulation was not rigorously enforced except during the [[1988 Seoul Olympics]]. In 2001, the Mayor of Seoul announced there would be no extra enforcement efforts to control the sale of dog meat during the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]], which was partially hosted in Seoul. On 21 November 2018, the South Korean government closed the Taepyeong-dong complex in [[Seongnam]], which served as the country's main dog slaughterhouse.<ref name="nov21">{{Cite web |date=23 November 2018 |title=Largest Dog Meat Slaughterhouse in South Korea Shuts Down – The Sentinel |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/largest-dog-meat-slaughterhouse-in-south-korea-shuts-down/ |access-date=15 March 2019 |publisher=Sentinelassam.com}}</ref><ref name="nov21again">{{Cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Bard |date=22 November 2018 |title=South Korea closes largest dog meat slaughterhouse |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/22/asia/south-korea-dog-slaughterhouse-intl/index.html |access-date=15 March 2019 |website=CNN}}</ref>

The primary dog breed raised for meat is a non-specific landrace, whose dogs are commonly named as ''[[Nureongi]]'' (누렁이) or ''Hwangu'' (황구).<ref name="Podberscek">{{Cite journal |last=Podberscek |first=Anthony L. |year=2009 |title=Good to Pet and Eat: The Keeping and Consuming of Dogs and Cats in South Korea |url=http://www.animalsandsociety.org/assets/265_podberscek.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Social Issues |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=615–632 |citeseerx=10.1.1.596.7570 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01616.x |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719054520/http://www.animalsandsociety.org/assets/265_podberscek.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="edible">[http://kmbase.medric.or.kr/Main.aspx?d=KMBASE&m=VIEW&i=0665219990120040397 Dog Meat Foods in Korea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602031442/http://kmbase.medric.or.kr/Main.aspx?d=KMBASE&m=VIEW&i=0665219990120040397 |date=2 June 2015 }}, Ann, Yong-Geun, Korean Medical Database</ref> Nureongi are not the only type of dog currently slaughtered for their meat in South Korea. In 2015, ''The Korea Observer'' reported that many different pet breeds of dog are eaten in South Korea, including [[Labrador retriever]]s, [[golden retriever]]s and [[cocker spaniel]]s, and that the dogs slaughtered for their meat often include former pets.<ref name="Hyams">{{Cite news |last=Hyams, J. |date=15 January 2015 |title=Former pets slaughtered for dog meat across Korea |url=http://www.koreaobserver.com/former-pets-slaughtered-for-dog-meat-across-korea-25566/ |access-date=6 July 2015 |publisher=The Korea Observer}}</ref> Some of them have reportedly been stolen from family homes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Martin |title=Winter Olympics shines spotlight on dog meat trade in South Korea |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/winter-olympics-2018/2018/02/07/dog-meat-trade-south-korea-winter-olympics-2018/310785002/ |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en-US}}</ref>

There is some vocal group of Koreans (consisting of a number of animal welfare groups) who oppose the practice of eating dog meat. Some Koreans do not eat the meat, but feel that it is the right of others to do so.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 30, 2021 |title=개 식용까지 국가가 간섭할 일인가 [핫이슈] |trans-title=Is the state interfering with dog eating? [Hot issue] |url=https://m.mbn.co.kr/news/politics/4606300 |publisher=[[Maeil Broadcasting Network]] |language=ko}}</ref> A group of activists attempted to promote and publicize the consumption of dog meat worldwide during the run-up to the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]], co-hosted by Japan and South Korea, which prompted retaliation from animal rights campaigners and prominent figures such as [[Brigitte Bardot]] to denounce the practice.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 January 2002 |title=South Korea promotes dog meat |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1758765.stm |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Opponents of dog meat consumption in South Korea are critical of the eating of dog meat, as some dogs are beaten, burnt or hanged to make their meat more tender.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Czajkowski |first=Claire |url=http://law.lclark.edu/live/files/23690-21-czajkowskipdf |title=Dog Meat Trade in South Korea: A Report On the Current State of the Trade and Efforts to Eliminate It |publisher=[[Lewis & Clark Law School]] |year=2014 |page=7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rogers |first=Martin |date=February 2018 |title=Winter Olympics shines spotlight on dog meat trade in South Korea |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/winter-olympics-2018/2018/02/07/dog-meat-trade-south-korea-winter-olympics-2018/310785002/ |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> In more recent decades, such practices are being prosecuted by law.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 8, 2021 |title=도심 속 개 불법사육장에 임의도축까지 '동물 학대' 등 경찰수사 착수 |url=http://www.domin.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1353634&sc_section_code=S1N8 |work=전북도민일보}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Cha |first1=Sangmi |last2=Park |first2=Minwoo |date=19 August 2021 |title=S.Korea to grant legal status to animals to tackle abuse, abandonment |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/skorea-grant-legal-status-animals-tackle-abuse-abandonment-2021-08-19/ |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

Amidst the decline in dog meat consumption in contemporary Korea, a vocal group in Korea has critiqued the international outcry toward dog meat consumption as being hypocritical.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 27, 2017 |title=Korea dog meat campaigners accused of hypocrisy |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/korea-dog-meat-campaigners-accused-of-hypocrisy |work=The Straits Times}}</ref> International animal rights activists have noted the hypocrisy, as well, given the horrific conditions under which factory farmed animals are raised in the West.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 15, 2017 |title=It's 'a contradiction' that we condemn eating dogs but not pigs |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/dog-meat-farm-ethics-1.4449385 |journal=CBC News}}</ref> Some Korean citizens, as well as members of the international community, have pointed out that the nations from which most of the outcry has emerged have the highest per capita meat consumption on the planet, several-fold higher than that of South Korea.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 6, 2020 |title=So, eating cows, chickens, and pigs is ok, but just don't eat dogs? |url=https://www.newspost.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=90593 |journal=News Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2020 |title=America's Hypocrisy on Dog Meat |url=https://medium.com/@kittym/americas-hypocrisy-on-dog-meat-3a9c0c56f136}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2018 |title=These are the countries that eat the most meat |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/08/these-countries-eat-the-most-meat-03bdf469-f40a-41e3-ade7-fe4ddb2a709a/ |website=World Economic Forum}}</ref>

On January 9, 2024, the South Korean National Assembly passed a bill banning the breeding and slaughter of dogs for consumption, which will be starting in 2027 after a three-year grace period.<ref name="SK Ban" />

==== Philippines ====
{{See also|Philippine Animal Welfare Society|Nita Hontiveros-Lichauco}}
The killing of dogs as livestock has been banned in the Philippines since 1998 via [[List of Philippine laws|Republic Act No. 8485]], known as the [[Animal Welfare Act of 1998]], with exemptions for dogs killed and eaten as part of indigenous rituals.<ref name="awa">{{Cite web |title=The Animal Welfare Act 1998 |url=http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno8485.htm |access-date=2006-08-30}}</ref> This was strengthened further by [[List of Philippine laws|Republic Act No. 10631]] in 2013, which amended the 1998 law by criminalizing the abuse, maltreatment, cruelty, exploitation, abandonment, and killing of pet animals; while also mandating the creation of animal welfare enforcement officers in law enforcement agencies like the [[Philippine National Police]] and the [[National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)|National Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="ra10631">{{Cite news |date=3 October 2013 |title=Republic Act No. 10631 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/10/03/republic-act-no-10631/ |access-date=11 January 2024 |work=Official Gazette |publisher=Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> [[List of Philippine laws|Republic Act No. 9842]], known as the Anti-Rabies Act of 2007, also includes specific provisions for the punishment of anyone found guilty of trading in dog meat, with a punishment of 1 to 4 years in prison and fines.<ref name="pawsra9842">{{Cite web |title=REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9482 "Anti-Rabies Act of 2007" |url=https://paws.org.ph/downloads/ra9482_anti_rabies_act_of_2007.pdf |access-date=11 January 2024 |website=The Philippine Animal Welfare Society}}</ref> Local laws banning the dog meat trade have also existed prior to the 1998 national ban.<ref name=manila/><ref name="upi1" /> The illegal consumption of dog meat still continues in some regions in the Philippines, notably in the [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Cordillera highlands]] in northern [[Luzon]] where it is traditional.<ref name="PDI2006-01-07">{{Cite web |last=Caluza |first=Desiree |date=2006-01-17 |title=Dog meat eating doesn't hound Cordillera natives |url=http://news.inq7.net/regions/index.php?index=2&story_id=63272&col=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060219003946/http://news.inq7.net/regions/index.php?index=2&story_id=63272&col=36 |archive-date=2006-02-19 |access-date=2006-10-27 |publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer}}</ref> Nevertheless, the introduction and strengthening of laws against dog meat trade, changing public attitudes, and strict enforcement has significantly decreased the number of the dogs slaughtered for meat. As of 2020, less than 1% of the population of the Philippines have eaten dog meat.<ref name="4paws">{{Cite book |url=https://media.4-paws.org/8/0/0/3/80039a8956751c7b9bf934c35993858592182db3/FOURPAWS_Big_DCMT_Report_GB.pdf |title=The Dog and Cat Meat Trade in Southeast Asia: A Threat to Animals and People |date=February 2020 |publisher=Four Paws |page=38}}</ref>

Dog meat consumption was formerly widespread, particularly in the northern Philippines where dog meat stew, in general, acquired the [[euphemism|euphemistic]] name "'''azucena'''"(or "'''asocena'''") in the 1980s. It originates from a [[Word play|play-on-words]] on the Spanish term {{lang|es|azucena}}, "lily", and its resemblance to a [[portmanteau]] "asocena", from {{lang|tl|aso}} ("dog") + {{lang|es|cena}}, ("dinner"/"meal"). They were commonly eaten as ''[[pulutan]]'' (appetizers eaten with alcohol) by men, mainly due to the superstition that dog meat "warms the body" and functions as an [[aphrodisiac]]. At the height of the dog meat trade prior to the 1990s, an estimated 500,000 dogs were killed every year.<ref name="regan">{{Cite book |last=Regan |first=Matthew R. G. |title=Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics |date=2016 |isbn=978-94-007-6167-4 |pages=1–5 |chapter=Dog Meat |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_510-1}}</ref><ref name="iwct">{{Cite web |title=Dog Meat Trade Background |url=https://iwct-uk.org/iwct/dog-meat-trade/ |access-date=10 January 2024 |website=International Wildlife Coalition Trust}}</ref><ref name="Garcia">{{Cite news |last=Garcia |first=Patrick |date=10 February 2019 |title=Batenbols and other Pinoy aphrodisiacs |url=https://mb.com.ph/2019/02/10/batenbols-and-other-pinoy-aphrodisiacs/ |access-date=10 January 2024 |work=Manila Bulletin}}</ref>

In 1981, the [[Philippines–United Kingdom relations|diplomatic relations between the Philippines and the United Kingdom]] were strained when the ''[[Sunday Mirror]]'' newspaper of London published front-page photos of dogs tied up for slaughter in the Philippines. This invoked [[Margaret Thatcher]] and the [[British parliament]] to express their disapproval, which was informally conveyed to the [[Department of Foreign Affairs|Philippine Foreign Ministry]] via the British Embassy. Though initially considered an internal affair, their communications became public, eliciting a response from [[Interim Batasang Pambansa|Assemblyman]] [[Eddie Ilarde]] of the [[National Capital Region]], taking affront at suggestion that all Filipinos are cruel to dogs and eat dog meat. He clarified that while the dog meat trade does still happen, it is uncommon and prohibited by local laws in most parts of the country, including [[Manila City|Manila]].<ref name="og">{{Cite news |date=30 November 1981 |title=Official Week in Review: November 16 – November 30, 1981 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1981/11/30/official-week-in-review-november-16-november-30-1981/ |access-date=10 January 2024 |work=Official Gazette |publisher=Republic of the Philippines}}</ref><ref name="upi1">{{Cite news |date=27 November 1981 |title=Filipino rejects British criticism of dog-eaters |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/11/27/Filipino-rejects-British-criticism-of-dog-eaters/2769760325850/ |access-date=10 January 2024 |work=UPI Archives}}</ref> The issue sparked national interest on the dog meat trade and the inadequacy of the then existing laws against animal cruelty passed during the [[American colonial period of the Philippines]]. Then president [[Ferdinand Marcos]] ordered a study on the necessity of issuing a presidential decree prohibiting the sale and slaughter of household pets for commercial culinary purposes in 1982.<ref name="upi1982">{{Cite news |date=27 March 1982 |title=Philippine president plans crackdown on dog eaters |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/03/27/Philippine-president-plans-crackdown-on-dog-eaters/7616386053200/ |access-date=10 January 2024 |work=UPI Archives}}</ref> In the capital city of [[Manila]], Metro Manila Commission Ordinance 82-05 specifically prohibits the killing and selling of dogs for food.<ref name="manila">{{Cite web |title=Metro Manila Commission Ordinance 82-05 |url=http://www.pitstopit.com/paws3/campaign_mmc.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216043831/http://www.pitstopit.com/paws3/campaign_mmc.htm |archive-date=16 December 2005}}</ref>

In 1998, the Animal Welfare Act was passed, which prohibits the killing of any animal other than cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, poultry, rabbits, [[carabao]]s, horses, deer, and crocodiles – with exemptions for religious, cultural, research, public safety, and/or animal health reasons. It also specifically bans [[dog fighting]] and [[Organized horse fighting|horse fighting]].<ref name="PDI2006-01-07" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Animal Welfare Act 1998 |url=http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno8485.htm |access-date=30 August 2006}}</ref>

The consumption of dog meat still continues in some areas illegally, especially in the [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Cordillera highlands]] of Luzon where indigenous tribes have legal exemptions for the consumption of dog meat during customary rituals. This [[loophole]] has been taken advantage of by some restaurants which still sell dog meat outside of the customary ritual exemption.<ref name="PDI2006-01-07" />

According to the [[Animal Welfare Institute]], the illegal dog meat trade largely captures stray dogs from elsewhere in the country, with many of them having been people's pets. They are rounded up off the street for the dog meat trade and shipped to the [[Benguet]] province without food or water while steel cans are forced onto their noses and their legs are tied behind their backs. Nearly half the dogs reportedly die before reaching their final destination. They are usually then killed via clubbing or having their throats cut, after which their fur is scorched off with a blow-torch and their bodies are dismembered.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dog Meat Trade |url=https://awionline.org/dogmeat |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=Animal Welfare Institute |language=en}}</ref> According to a 2007 book co-authored by [[Temple Grandin]], dogs and other animals in some rural Philippine areas could risk getting beaten before slaughter, out of the belief it would create better meat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gregory |first1=Neville G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTeyiR0rSEwC&q=philippines |title=Animal Welfare and Meat Production |last2=Grandin |first2=Temple |author-link2=Temple Grandin |date=12 March 2007 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]] |isbn=978-1-84593-216-9 |language=en}}</ref> The province of [[Benguet]] specifically allows cultural use of dog meat by indigenous people and acknowledges this might lead to limited commercial use.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2006 |title=Resolution 05-392 |url=http://elgu2.ncc.gov.ph/benguet/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=288&Itemid=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930040020/http://elgu2.ncc.gov.ph/benguet/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=288&Itemid=1 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=27 October 2006 |publisher=Province of Benguet}}</ref> In [[Baguio]] and surrounding municipalities, it is regarded as an "open secret" tolerated by local law enforcement.<ref name="PDI2006-01-07" /> Philippine news outlets [[ABS-CBN]] and [[SunStar]] stated in 2012 and 2017 that Korean nationals in [[Baguio]] had been playing a role in the city's dog meat trade.<ref name="Ngalob">{{Cite news |last=Ngalob |first=Rocky |date=11 March 2018 |title=In conflict with law; the Asocena Doctrine |url=https://baguioheraldexpressonline.com/in-conflict-with-law-the-asocena-doctrine2/ |access-date=11 January 2024 |work=Herald Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 8, 2012 |title=Koreans fuel dog meat trade in Baguio |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEMZxXfRacI |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/VEMZxXfRacI |archive-date=2021-12-21 |publisher=[[ABS-CBN]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Catajan |first=Maria Elena |date=2017-06-18 |title=Korean restos in Baguio suspected of serving dog meat |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/148267/Business/Korean-restos-in-Baguio-suspected-of-serving-dog-meat |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=[[SunStar]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2012, the [[Criminal Investigation and Detection Group]] (CIDG) of the [[Philippine National Police]] estimated that there were still around 290,000 dogs illegally butchered for food annually.<ref name="Yap">{{Cite news |last=Yap |first=FJ |date=4 July 2012 |title=Dog meat trade flourishing, says watchdog |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/223085/dog-meat-trade-flourishing-says-watchdog |access-date=10 January 2024 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer}}</ref> In 2013, 250 raids were carried out on restaurants suspected of serving dog meat in the Cordilleras by the Philippine National Police and the Animal Welfare Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, in conjunction with the NGO [[Animal Kingdom Foundation]]. Dog meat trade has decreased substantially since then.<ref name="4paws" />

==== Singapore ====
The sale of dog meat is banned in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lam |first=Lydia |date=17 February 2017 |title=AVA investigating suspected case of dog meat sale highlighted by actor Andrew Seow |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/ava-investigating-suspected-case-of-dog-meat-sale-highlighted-by-actor-andrew-seow |access-date=6 February 2018 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2021}}

==== Taiwan ====
In 2001, the Taiwanese government imposed a ban on the sale of dog meat, due to both pressure from domestic animal welfare groups and a desire to improve international perceptions, and there were some protests.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2001 |title=Taiwan bans dog meat |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1097823.stm |access-date=15 May 2007 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> In 2007, another law was passed, significantly increasing the fines to sellers of the meat.<ref name="chinapost">{{Cite news |date=17 December 2007 |title=Taiwan law takes bite out of dog meat sales |url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/2007/12/17/135250/Taiwan-law.htm |access-date=1 November 2010}}</ref> According to [[The Daily Meal]] in 2014, dog meat remained popular in Taiwan despite the laws, especially at smaller towns and villages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Govender |first=Serusha |date=2014-04-11 |title=9 Countries That Eat Cats and Dogs (Slideshow) |url=https://www.thedailymeal.com/travel/9-countries-eat-cats-and-dogs-slideshow |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=[[The Daily Meal]] |language=en}}</ref> Animal rights activists have accused the Taiwanese government of not prosecuting those who continue to slaughter and serve dog meat at restaurants.

In April 2017, Taiwan became the first country in East Asia to officially ban the consumption of dog and cat meat as well as jail time for those who torture and kill animals. The Animal Protection Act amendments approved by the Legislative Yuan aims to punish the sale, purchase or consumption of dog or cat meat with fines ranging from NT$50,000 to NT$2&nbsp;million. The amendments also stiffen punishment for those who intentionally harm animals to a maximum two years' imprisonment and fines of NT$200,000 to NT$2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2017 |title=Taiwan becomes first country in Asia to ban eating of cat and dog meat |url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/2017/04/11/495349/taiwan-becomes.htm |access-date=7 August 2017}}</ref>

In October 2017, Taiwan's national legislature, known as Legislative Yuan, passed amendments to the country's Animal Protection Act which "bans the sale and consumption of dog and cat meat and of any food products that contain the meat or other parts of these animals."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zeldin |first=Wendy |date=18 October 2017 |title=Taiwan: Animal Protection Law Amended &#124; Global Legal Monitor |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/taiwan-animal-protection-law-amended/ |website=www.loc.gov}}</ref>

==== Timor-Leste ====
[[File:Balibó-Cová--1.jpg|thumb|Indonesian in [[Balibo]] barbecuing a dog]]

Dog meat is a delicacy popular in [[Timor-Leste]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Democratic Republic of East Timor |url=http://www.worldconflictstoday.com/axiom_content/cg_pdfs/world/EastTimor.pdf |publisher=worldconflictstoday.com |page=3}}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==== Thailand ====

There used to be a small regional culture of eating dog meat, as well as a trade of dogs for consumption and transporting them to nearby Vietnam where dog meat consumption was more common.<ref name="Fuller">{{Cite news |last=Fuller |first=Thomas |date=1 November 2014 |title=Dog Meat Trade in Thailand Is Under Pressure and May Be Banned |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/02/world/asia/dog-meat-trade-in-thailand-is-under-pressure-and-may-be-banned.html |access-date=8 April 2020 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2014, Thailand passed the [[Prevention of Animal Cruelty and Provision of Animal Welfare Act]] which, among other provisions, made it illegal to trade in or consume dog meat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Klangboonkrongthe |first=Manta |date=February 13, 2015 |title=New Thai law against animal cruelty puts burden on humans |url=https://www.asiaone.com/asia/new-thai-law-against-animal-cruelty-puts-burden-humans |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023142537/http://www.asiaone.com/asia/new-thai-law-against-animal-cruelty-puts-burden-humans |archive-date=23 October 2017 |website=[[AsiaOne]]}}</ref> As of 2016, the trade to Vietnam has continued, with [[CNN]] reporting that broken bones and crushed skulls have been a common injury for the smuggled dogs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coren |first=Anna |author-link=Anna Coren |date=July 21, 2016 |title=Thailand: Dog Meat Trade Dog Rescues |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXQj3JDOgRU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/BXQj3JDOgRU |archive-date=2021-12-21 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==== Uzbekistan ====
Dog meat has sometimes been used in Uzbekistan in the belief that it has medicinal properties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Dog meat restaurants spring up in Uzbekistan |url=http://www.uznews.net/news_single.php?lng=en&sub=&cid=2&nid=12323 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616084942/http://uznews.net/news_single.php?lng=en&sub=&cid=2&nid=12323 |archive-date=16 June 2010 |access-date=24 October 2012 |publisher=[[Uznews.net]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahkamov |first=Anvar |date=2006 |title=Meat is Medicine |url=http://www.tol.org/client/article/15992-meat-is-medicine.html |access-date=3 December 2016 |website=[[Transitions Online]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2001 |title=Letter From Uzbekistan |url=http://www.newsweek.com/letter-uzbekistan-149677 |access-date=3 December 2016 |website=Newsweek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dog meat is believed to be a TB medicine in Andizhan |url=http://enews.fergananews.com/article.php?id=1107 |access-date=3 December 2016 |website=Enews.fergananews.com}}</ref>

==== Vietnam ====
<!-- This section is linked from [[Cuisine of Vietnam]]. -->
{{main|Dog meat consumption in Vietnam}}
[[File:Vietnamese dog meat.jpg|thumb|upright|Dog meat in [[Hanoi]], Vietnam]]
[[File:Dog meat.jpg|thumb|upright|A dog meat platter found in a street market a few kilometres east of Hanoi, Vietnam]]
[[File:Dog meat for sale in a market in Hanoi, Vietnam (6827793370).jpg|thumb|Dog meat in Hanoi, Vietnam|306x306px]]

Around five million dogs are slaughtered in Vietnam every year, making the country the second-biggest consumer of dog meat in the world after China.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2016 |title=Vietnam kills at least 5 million dogs a year, mostly in brutal ways |url=http://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel-life/vietnam-kills-at-least-5-million-dogs-a-year-mostly-in-brutal-ways-3483313.html |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=VnExpress}}</ref> The consumption has been criticized by many in Vietnam and around the world as most of the dogs are pets stolen and killed in brutal ways, usually by being bludgeoned, stabbed, burned alive, or having their throat slit.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hodal |first=Kate |date=27 September 2013 |title=How eating dog became big business in Vietnam |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/27/eating-dog-vietnam-thailand-kate-hodal |access-date=22 February 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Vietnam does not have strong regulations to stop the practice. Dog meat is particularly popular in the urban areas of the north, and can be found in special restaurants which specifically serve dog meat.<ref name="Hong Tuyet" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2016 |title=How eating dog became big business in Vietnam |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/27/eating-dog-vietnam-thailand-kate-hodal |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

A 2013 survey on VietNamNet, with a participation of more than 3,000 readers, showed that the majority of people, at 80%, supported eating dog meat. Up to 66 percent of the readers said that dog meat is nutritious and has been a traditional food for a very long time. Some 13% said eating dog meat is acceptable but dog slaughtering must be strictly controlled to avoid embarrassing images.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2013 |title=80 percent of Vietnamese still support eating dog meat |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/society/72680/80-percent-of-vietnamese-still-support-eating-dog-meat.html |access-date=7 August 2017}}</ref>

Dog meat is believed to bring good fortune in Vietnamese culture.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 12, 2010 |title=Vietnam closes 60 dog meat slaughterhouses and restaurants after cholera bacteria found |url=https://www.guelphmercury.com/news-story/2722938-vietnam-closes-60-dog-meat-slaughterhouses-and-restaurants-after-cholera-bacteria-found/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412003056/https://www.guelphmercury.com/news-story/2722938-vietnam-closes-60-dog-meat-slaughterhouses-and-restaurants-after-cholera-bacteria-found/ |archive-date=12 April 2022 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=[[Guelph Mercury]]}}</ref> It is seen as being comparable in consumption to chicken or pork.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{Cite news |date=31 December 2001 |title=Vietnam's dog meat tradition |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1735647.stm |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> In urban areas, there are neighbourhoods that contain many dog meat restaurants. For example, on Nhat Tan Street, [[Tay Ho|Tây Hồ]] District, [[Hanoi]], many restaurants serve dog meat. Groups of customers, usually male, seated on mats, will spend their evenings sharing plates of dog meat and drinking alcohol. The consumption of dog meat can be part of a ritual usually occurring toward the end of the [[lunar month]] for reasons of [[astrology]] and luck. Restaurants which mainly exist to serve dog meat may only open for the last half of the lunar month.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk" /> 

Dog meat is also believed to raise men's [[libido]].<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Avieli |first=Nir |date=2011 |title=Dog Meat Politics in a Vietnamese Town |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41756650 |journal=Ethnology |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=59–78 |issn=0014-1828 |jstor=41756650}}</ref> There used to be a large smuggling trade from Thailand to export dogs to Vietnam for human consumption.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodal |first=Kate |date=27 September 2013 |title=How eating dog became big business in Vietnam |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/27/eating-dog-vietnam-thailand-kate-hodal |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A concerted campaign between 2007 and 2014 by animal activists in Thailand, led by the [[Soi Dog Foundation]], convinced authorities in both Thailand and Vietnam that the dog meat trade was a hindrance to efforts to tackle rabies in Southeast Asia. In 2014, Thailand introduced a new law against animal cruelty, which greatly increased penalties faced by dog smugglers. The trade had significantly diminished.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.soidog.org/sites/default/files/Soi_Dog_Foundation_Little_Orange_Book.pdf |title=The Little Orange Book |publisher=Soi Dog Foundation |year=2018 |pages=11–13}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 2009, dog meat was found to be a main carrier of the ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]'' bacterium, which caused the summer epidemic of [[cholera]] in northern Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hanoi dog meat restaurants come under scrutiny after cholera outbreak |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/Health/2009/04/843532/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427153200/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/Health/2009/04/843532/ |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=10 January 2012 |publisher=Vietnamnet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cholera, bird flu present, but VN still A/H1N1-free |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/reports/2009/05/847602/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520030813/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/reports/2009/05/847602/ |archive-date=20 May 2009 |access-date=15 May 2009 |publisher=Vietnamnet}} Retrieved from Internet Archive 12 January 2014.</ref>

Prior to 2014, more than 5 million dogs were killed for meat every year in Vietnam according to the Asia Canine Protection Alliance. There are indications that the desire to eat dog meat in Vietnam is waning.<ref name="China2" /> Part of the decline is thought to be due to an increased number of Vietnamese people keeping dogs as pets, as their incomes have risen in the past few decades. {{blockquote|[People] used to raise dogs to guard the house, and when they needed the meat, they ate it. Now they keep dog as pets, imported from China, Japan, and other countries. One pet dog might cost hundreds of millions of dong [100&nbsp;million dong is $4,677].<ref name="China2" />}}

In 2018, officials in the city of Hanoi urged citizens to stop eating dog and cat meat, citing concerns about the cruel methods with which the animals are slaughtered and the diseases this practice propagates, including [[rabies]] and [[leptospirosis]]. The primary reason for this exhortation seems to be a fear that the practice of dog and cat consumption, most of which are stolen household pets, could tarnish the city's image as a "civilised and modern capital".<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2018 |title=Vietnamese capital Hanoi asks people not to eat dog meat |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-45492907 |access-date=18 February 2019 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

=== Europe ===
==== Austria ====
Section 6, Paragraph 2 of the law for the protection of animals prohibits the killing of dogs and cats for purposes of consumption as food or for other products.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal law that enacts an animal protection law and changes the Federal Constitutional Law, the 1994 Trade Regulations and the 1986 Federal Ministries Act |url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2004_I_118/BGBLA_2004_I_118.html |website=Das Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (legal information system of the federal government) |language=de}}</ref>

==== Switzerland ====
In 2012, the Swiss newspaper ''[[Tages-Anzeiger]]'' reported that dogs, as well as cats, are eaten regularly by a few farmers in rural areas.<ref name="thelocal.ch">{{Cite web |title=Dogs and cats 'still eaten in Switzerland' |url=http://www.thelocal.ch/20121227/dogs-still-eaten-in-switzerland |website=[[The Local]]|date=27 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2, 2013 |title=Forget chocolate or cheese: Cat and dog meat is Swiss delicacy |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/world/forget-chocolate-or-cheese-cat-and-dog-meat-swiss-delicacy-2469626%3C/ref%3E%3Cref%3E%7B%7Bcite |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119004127/https://www.scotsman.com/news/world/forget-chocolate-or-cheese-cat-and-dog-meat-swiss-delicacy-2469626 |archive-date=2020-11-19 |website=[[The Scotsman]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Schweizer sollen keine Hunde und Katzen mehr essen |work=[[Tages Anzeiger]] |url=http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/Schweizer-sollen-keine-Hunde-und-Katzen-mehr-essen/story/19945914 |access-date=13 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711204710/https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/Schweizer-sollen-keine-Hunde-und-Katzen-mehr-essen/story/19945914 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Commercial slaughter and sale of dog meat is banned, but farmers are allowed to slaughter dogs for personal consumption.

In his 1979 book ''[[Unmentionable Cuisine]]'', Calvin Schwabe described a Swiss dog meat recipe, ''gedörrtes Hundefleisch'', served as paper-thin slices, as well as smoked dog ham, ''Hundeschinken'', which is prepared by salting and drying raw dog meat.{{Sfn|Schwabe|1979|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=SiBntk9jGmoC&pg=PA173 173]}}

It is illegal in Switzerland to commercially produce food made from dog meat.<ref>[[Federal Department of Home Affairs (Switzerland)|FDHA]] Ordinance of 23 November 2005 on food of animal origin, [http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/817_022_108/a2.html Art.2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606174431/http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/817_022_108/a2.html |date=6 June 2011 }}.</ref>

====United Kingdom====

Although the commercial trade of dog meat is illegal, it is still currently legal in the United Kingdom to consume dog meat.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Ares |first1=Elena |title=Consumption of dog meat in the UK |date=2021-05-25 |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cdp-2019-0045/ |language=en-GB |last2=Sutherland |first2=Nikki}}</ref>

====France====
In France, butcher shops selling dog meat were open all around the country until {{circa|1910}}.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

In his poem "[[Alcools]]", [[Guillaume Apollinaire]] mentions a butcher who sells dog meat.<ref>{{wikisourcelang-inline|fr|Page:Apollinaire – Alcools.djvu/51}}</ref>

=== Oceania ===

==== Australia ====
Each Australian state or territory has its own regulation, but all have laws either making it illegal to eat dog meat or to kill a dog for consumption. It is also prohibited to sell dog meat based on meat processing standards and codes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is eating cats or dogs legal? |url=http://kb.rspca.org.au/Is-eating-cats-or-dogs-legal_489.html |access-date=4 September 2014 |website=[[RSPCA Australia|Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]]}}</ref>

==== Tonga ====
The consumption of domestic dog meat is commonplace in Tonga, and has also been noted in expatriate Tongan communities in New Zealand, Australia, and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 17, 2009 |title=SPCA: Eating pets more common than thought |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/content/2919922/2591764/article.html?page=30&pagesize=5 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=[[TVNZ]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2009 |title=Man escapes charges for barbecuing pet dog |url=https://cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/08/18/new.zealand.dog.bbq/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref>

== Other dog products ==

=== Central Asia ===
According to [[Eurasianet]], dog fat is seen as a well-established would-be treatment for tuberculosis in parts of Central Asia.<ref name="Imanaliyeva-2020">{{Cite web |last=Imanaliyeva |first=Ayzirek |date=August 13, 2020 |title=Fighting COVID in Kyrgyzstan: Dog fat, ginger and bloodletting |url=https://eurasianet.org/fighting-covid-in-kyrgyzstan-dog-fat-ginger-and-bloodletting |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=[[Eurasianet]] |language=en}}</ref> The fat has reportedly been used as a folk remedy for [[COVID-19]] in Uzbekistan<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-23 |title=Central Asian governments admit they have a problem with covid-19 |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/07/23/central-asian-governments-admit-they-have-a-problem-with-covid-19 |access-date=2020-12-11 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> and Kyrgyzstan.<ref name="Imanaliyeva-2020" />

=== Poland ===
Eating dog meat is taboo in Polish culture. However, since the 16th century, fat from various animals, including dogs, was used as part of [[folk medicine]], and since the 18th century dog fat has had a reputation as being beneficial for the lungs. While making lard, or [[smalec]], out of dogs' fat is currently discouraged in the country,<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{Cite news |last=Day |first=Matthew |date=7 August 2009 |title=Polish couple accused of making dog meat delicacy |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/5985367/Polish-couple-accused-of-making-dog-meat-delicacy.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/5985367/Polish-couple-accused-of-making-dog-meat-delicacy.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |access-date=24 October 2012 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> this practice continues in some rural areas, especially [[Lesser Poland]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davis |first=Janet M. |date=May 7, 2012 |title=Opinion {{!}} The Dog Ate My Birth Certificate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/08/opinion/the-dog-ate-my-birth-certificate.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jacobsson |first=Kerstin |author-link=Kerstin Jacobsson |date=December 2012 |title=Fragmentation of the collective action space: the animal rights movement in Poland |journal=East European Politics |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=353–370 |doi=10.1080/21599165.2012.720570 |issn=2159-9165 |s2cid=144181787}}</ref>

In 2009, Polish prosecutors reportedly found that a farm near [[Częstochowa]] was overfeeding dogs to be rendered down into lard.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 10, 2009 |title=Poland prosecutors probe dog lard sale |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/08/10/Poland-prosecutors-probe-dog-lard-sale/63511249914379/?ur3=1 |work=[[United Press International]]}}</ref><ref name="telegraph.co.uk" /> According to Grażyna Zawada, from ''[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]'', there were farms in Częstochowa, Kłobuck, and in the Radom area, and in the decade from 2000 to 2010 six people producing dog lard were found guilty of breaching animal welfare laws and sentenced to jail.<ref name="Szumińska-2008">{{Cite news |last=Szumińska |first=Dorota |date=October 25, 2008 |title=Chce się wyć |url=http://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kraj/271382,1,chce-sie-wyc.read |work=[[Polityka]]}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=December 2020}} However, the ''[[Krakow Post]]'' reported that a man who had admitted to stealing and killing dogs for lard in 2009 at [[Wieliczka]] was found not guilty of any crimes by the court, who ruled that the dogs had been slaughtered humanely for culinary purposes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 21, 2009 |title=Killing Dogs OK in Poland |url=http://www.krakowpost.com/1650/2009/10 |work=[[Krakow Post]]}}</ref> As of 2014, there have been new cases prosecuted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1019401,title,Psi-smalec-Przerazliwy-skowyt-zarzynanych-psow,wid,16610308,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=116245|title=Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata – wszystko co ważne – WP}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=December 2020}}

=== South Korea ===
{{see also|Dog meat consumption in South Korea}}
Gaesoju (개소주; 개燒酒) also known as dog wine, is a mixed drink containing dog meat and other Chinese medicine ingredients such as ginger, chestnut, and jujube to act primarily as a powerful sex drive booster for men, though it is also used to get rid of colds.

It is produced by putting a slaughtered dog into a chicken plucker to remove the fur before being placed into a pressure cooker for 6–19 hours with herbs until it is a dark liquid and bottled as a drink. Women in South Korea produce homemade gaesoju for their husbands as a bedroom gift, or they purchase commercial gaesoju from special markets.

In terms of popularity, there is a South Korean song which mentions a wife turning a dog into gaesoju for her husband<ref>{{Cite web |title=lyrics on ''Gasazip'' |url=https://gasazip.com/view.html?no=320829 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114172009/https://gasazip.com/view.html?no=320829 |archive-date=14 November 2021 |access-date=14 November 2021}}</ref> and popularity of Gaesoju as a sex tonic is rising compared to dog meat sales.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2018 |title="쿠팡이 개소주를 팔아?"...복날 앞두고 온라인 판매 논란 |url=http://m.kmib.co.kr/view.asp?arcid=0012508290}}</ref>

== Dog breeds used for meat ==

The [[Nureongi]] in Korea is most often used as a livestock dog, raised for its meat, and not commonly kept as pets.<ref name="Morris Dogs pp. 585-586">{{Cite book |last=Morris |first=Desmond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjG-LAAACAAJ |title=Dogs: The Ultimate Dictionary of Over 1,000 Dog Breeds |publisher=Trafalgar Square |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-57076-410-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Podberscek |first=Anthony L. |year=2009 |title=Good to Pet and Eat: The Keeping and Consuming of Dogs and in South Korea |url=http://www.animalsandsociety.org/assets/265_podberscek.pdf#page=8&search=nationwide |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Social Issues |volume=65 |issue=3 |page=623 |citeseerx=10.1.1.596.7570 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01616.x |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719054520/http://www.animalsandsociety.org/assets/265_podberscek.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref>

The [[Tosa (dog)|Tosa]], or Japanese Fighting Dog is replacing older breeds or mutts in South Korea. The Tosa is not commonly a pet and is banned in multiple countries; it is also very lean with a little bit of fat, making it ideal for meat production. Currently only Government-Approved dog farms in Korea raise Tosa for meat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article on ''Dateline '' |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/dateline/6-things-you-should-know-about-korea-s-dog-meat-farms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104135825/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/dateline/6-things-you-should-know-about-korea-s-dog-meat-farms |archive-date=4 November 2021 |access-date=3 November 2021}}</ref>

[[Tang Dog]]s are prized as a companion and watch dog but are also occasionally used for hunting and as meat dogs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=原生犬介绍 |trans-title=Tang Dog |url=http://old.cku.org.cn/nativedog/tangdog.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129201356/http://old.cku.org.cn/nativedog/tangdog.html |archive-date=29 January 2020 |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=CKU China Native Breed Conservation Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yiying |first=Fan |date=2019-05-01 |title=World Dog Show Features Chinese Breeds, Aims to Turn Hearts |url=https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003936/world-dog-show-features-chinese-breeds%2C-aims-to-turn-hearts |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=Sixth Tone |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Chow Chow]] was also known as "Chinese Edible-Dog" because after the Han dynasty collapsed, they were fattened and bred with Chinese breeds for meat. Today, Chinese dog farms still raise Chow Chow for the purpose of eating; black coated ones are valued due to their taste when fried, while the rest are typically turned into stews.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sample |first=Ian |date=13 November 2003 |title=Article in ''The Guardian'' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2003/nov/13/research.thisweekssciencequestions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110170553/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2003/nov/13/research.thisweekssciencequestions |archive-date=10 November 2021 |access-date=18 November 2021 |work=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref>

The [[Xoloitzcuintli]], or Mexican hairless dog, is one of several breeds of [[hairless dog]] and has been used as a historical source of food for the [[Aztec Empire]].<ref name="About THE XOLOITZCUINTLE">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120719044113/http://www.xolorescueusa.org/about.html About the Xoloitzcuintle](archived from [http://www.xolorescueusa.org/about.html the original] on 19 July 2012), (archived from [http://www.xolorescueusa.org/ the original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714064639/http://www.xolorescueusa.org/ |date=14 July 2012 }} on 14 July 2012).</ref>

The extinct [[Hawaiian Poi Dog]] and [[Polynesian Dog]] were breeds of [[pariah dog]] used by [[Native Hawaiian]]s as a spiritual protector of children and as a source of food.<ref name="Titcomb 1969">{{Cite book |last=Titcomb |first=M |title=Dog and Man in the Ancient Pacific |publisher=Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 59 |year=1969 |isbn=978-0-910240-10-9 |location=Honolulu}}</ref><ref name="Ellis 1839">{{Cite book |last=Ellis |first=W |title=Polynesian Researches |publisher=Fisher, Jackson |year=1839 |isbn=978-1-4325-4966-4 |volume=4 |location=London}}</ref>

The extinct [[Tahitian Dog]] was a food source, and served by high ranking chiefs to the early European explorers who visited the islands. Captain [[James Cook]] and his crew developed a taste for the dog, with Cook noting, "For tame Animals they have Hogs, Fowls, and Dogs, the latter of which we learned to Eat from them, and few were there of us but what allow'd that a South Sea dog was next to an English Lamb."<ref name="Salmond2003">{{Cite book |last=Salmond |first=Anne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j62v1iyuKqIC&pg=PA8 |title=The Trial of the Cannibal Dog: The Remarkable Story of Captain Cook's Encounters in the South Seas |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-300-10092-1 |location=New Haven |page=8 |oclc=249435583}}</ref><ref name="Parkinson">{{Cite book |last=Heringman |first=Noah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTNoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |title=Sciences of Antiquity: Romantic Antiquarianism, Natural History, and Knowledge Work |date=4 April 2013 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780191626067 |page=73 |access-date=15 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Holland">{{Cite book |last=Holland |first=Leandra Zim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0CTmZ_kwQAC&pg=PA189 |title=Feasting and Fasting with Lewis & Clark: A Food and Social History of the Early 1800s |date=22 January 2004 |publisher=Old Yellowstone Publishing, Sweetgrass Books |isbn=9781591520078 |location=Emigrant, Montana |page=189}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Dogs|Food}}
* [[Carnism]]
* [[Cat meat]]
* [[Beef|Cow meat]]
* [[Dog meat consumption in Nigeria]]
* [[Dog meat consumption in South Korea]]
* [[Dog meat consumption in Vietnam]]
* [[Dog Meat Festival|Dog Meat Festival in China]]
* [[Pork|Pig meat]]
* [[Speciesism]]
* [[Seal meat]]
* [[Taboo food and drink]]
* [[Wolf meat]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* Barr, James, Capt. (1836). Correct And Authentic Narrative of the Florida War with a Description of MAJ. Dade's Massacre, and an Account of the Extreme Suffering, For Want of Provisions of the Army-Having Been Obliged to Eat Horses' and Dogs' Flesh, etc. New York: J. Narine, Printer, 11 Wall St.
* {{Cite book |last=Yong-Geun Ann, PhD |url=http://wolf.ok.ac.kr/~annyg/english/ |title=Dog Meat |publisher=Hyoil Book Publishing Company |language=ko, en |access-date=18 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722132717/http://wolf.ok.ac.kr/~annyg/english/ |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead}} (contains some recipes)
* {{Cite book |last1=Dressler |first1=Uwe |title=Der Kalte Hund |last2=Alexander Neumeister |date=1 May 2003 |publisher=IBIS-Ed. |isbn=978-3-8330-0650-0 |location=Dresden |language=de}}
* Sandburg, Carl. (1970). '' Abraham Lincoln, The Prairie Years and The War Years.'' Illustrated Edition. The Reader's Digest Association, Pleasantville, New York; The Reader's Digest Association LTD, Montreal, Canada.
* {{Cite journal |last=Zawada, Grazyna |date=28 October 2010 |title=Szesc psow w sloiku |url=http://wyborcza.pl/duzyformat/1,127291,8720913,Szesc_psow_w_sloiku.html |journal=[[Gazeta Wyborcza]] |language=pl |access-date=26 March 2014}}
* {{Cite web |last1=Aisin Gioro |first1=Ulhicun |last2=Jin |first2=Shi |title=Manchuria from the Fall of the Yuan to the rise of the Manchu State (1368–1636) |url=http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/lt/rb/601/601PDF/aisin.pdf |access-date=10 March 2014}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{cookbook|Grilled Dog}}
{{cookbook|Dog}}

{{Meat}}
{{Cuisine}}
{{Domestic dog}}

[[Category:Dog meat| ]]
[[Category:Animal welfare]]
[[Category:Dogs in popular culture]]